Totalitarian Government Essays - Social Science Fiction,

Totalitarian Government "Those who would trade their liberties for a little safety deserve neither liberty nor safety". That quote by Benjamin Franklin described mindset that leads to totalitarian government. The British novelist, George Orwell is known for his chilling governmental satire. Animal Farm, his other well-known novel is a look into the past, his novel 1984 was a eerie prophecy into the not so distant future. This view of a negative Utopia has become so well known that people who believe in his theory are called Orwellian. But do we exist in a manner similar to the prophecy of the world in which he claimed to be what life would be like in 1984? The answer is No, but in just a few years we could. Ironically one of the greatest differences in our society and the society of Orwell, is that in 1984, the gene which leads to sex has been suppressed. For In our society promiscuity and suggestiveness have gotten maybe not more common but certainly more public. When Orwell published 1984, this seemed to be a logical conclusion that such an event might happen. For in the Post- World War II, generation sex was expressly hidden. For example on television the Rock musician Elvis Presley was not shown below the hips because it was considered far too suggestive. In this aspect Our Society more resembles the other most famous novel of a negative utopia, Aldous Huxley's Brave New World. However we do share some similarities. Part of the power base in 1984 has its power exclusively through the deception of the people. Winston for example accepts the"fact" that two plus two does in fact equal five. As we know, two plus two equals four. The most important way in which we can prevent turnining into an Orwellian society is to not be able to be misled. To prevent the society of which we live from becoming Orwellian we must stave off apathy. For it is a slippery slope and if we take the first step down it we could live in an Orwellian totalitarian state. Closing, we do not as of today live in the society, which Orwell predicted. We still maintain a level of personal freedom in the United States greater than that described in 1984. However other nations of this world, the Peoples Republic of China comes to mind, where they live in a semi-Orwellian world. Even though we tend to say "it can't happen here", it can. That's what they would have said in Germany in the twenties or Russia in the Pre-World War One era. It can happen here and it shall if we do not remember the lesson of the American President Thomas Jefferson "The Price of liberty is Eternal Vigilance".

Micheal Phelpss Commercial Essays

Micheal Phelpss Commercial Essays Micheal Phelpss Commercial Essay Micheal Phelpss Commercial Essay Many companies, nowadays, used many different Ideas to sell and make business. Some companies accomplished their goals by using mass media to advertised commercial and some failed to accomplished their goals because their advertisements was not attractive enough. As for Subways commercial, they used an athlete, Michael Phelps, to build up their product and business. The commercial was well delivered on community false causes, appeal to emotion, and bandwagon because the establishment in the commercial influenced people who suspected and loved to be like Michael Phelps wanted to buy Subways products. Michael Phelps Subway commercial expressed community false causes, because they know what they were supposed to state and what would made people who buy their product believe in it. For example, In the commercial they said that to be like Michael Phelps, people have to eat Subway. In the commercial they had Phelps swim In the pool. As In this commercial they used Michael Phelps as ethos, since he Is a well-known athletic and very popular. That would helped Subway made ore customers and business. Moreover, the advertisement used a strong vocal In which it gave the viewers supports and hopes. For example, a strong voice that the audience can connected to or felt it mentally without saying a phrase to them like you can be something you wanted to be by eating Subway! or you can be like your idol if you eat Subway! Subway did a great Job on their commercial on given a false cause that made people think that it might be true and wanted to engage deeply with it. In addition, Subway made the commercial as an appeal to emotion because they dad the advertisement targeted on the parents. The commercial targeted the parent by saying that if they wanted to be a good parent, they have to buy their kids Subway. The commercial used Michael Phelps mother as a good parent who loved and made her kids being success by eating at Subway. That showed pathos because It made the parents felt bad and wanted to buy their kids subway. As a result, Subway made its commercial targeted the parents which was a very successful idea, because every parent wanted their kids to be successful like Michael Phelps. The immemorial also showed a bandwagon fallacy, because Michael Phelps stated that eating Subway has athlete everywhere. By stating athlete everywhere created a bandwagon fallacy because the commercial appealed to popularity and used the show as a form of validation. Also, that would affect athletes or viewer who were in the same field like Phelps. On the other hand, they were smart because they knew what they had stated were considered a fallacy but they still put it in a form of validation. In that case, things seemed like they were true and very influential. Furthermore, they played on a dynamic music when Phelps was swimming. The dramatic music would motivate the viewers when they watched the commercial, Decease It would make teen Tell Like teen were apart It t T . I mace ten announce Tell like they were in a competitive game or the champion of the year competition. In addition, they made extra sound effect in the background where the water splashed very hard, which expressed that eating Subway will make the viewers as strong and fast as Michael Phelps. At the end of the commercial they officially showed the antacid and gave information about the size of it. For example, the man said, Its a five foot long and that showed logos, because it stated the number or size of the sandwiches to the audience. Also, he told what kind of ingredients were in the sandwiches such as bacon, turkey, avocado, and extra Jalapeà ±o. They included the Phelps family in the advertisement and reported that, Subway is the official training of the Phelps family. The last background was made blue and a timing machine, which mean they wanted the audience to see that they can beat the time by eating Subway. Correspondingly, they wanted the people who watch the commercial to pay more attention to the Phelps family and the message they were giving out. Inventing a business is not simple but by using many techniques such as community false causes, appeal to emotion, and bandwagon, would attract more customers. Together with, they used pathos, ethos, and logos as the key for the companys commercials. Michael Phelps commercial made a good influence on athletes. Subway made the commercial expressed how healthy the sandwiches were and how strong people would be if they ate Subway like Michael Phelps.

A Raisin In The Sun and Sonny’s Blues

A Raisin In The Sun and Sonnys Blues A Raisin in the Sun, authored by Lorraine Hansberry and Sonny’s Blues, authored by James Baldwin are two masterpieces that have an array of comparisons and contrasts. Lorraine Hansberry’s play is a depiction of an African American family, the Youngers living in a racially segregated neighborhood. Although the family lives together, conflicts arise on what to do with the $10000 insurance policy money paid after the death of the Mama’s husband. Each member has different aspirations and the story focuses on how the family uses the money and integrates their individual dreams to fit the family. On the other hand, Sonny’s Blues is a depiction of the struggles two brothers face in segregated Harlem. It is about Sonny and his brother the narrator, both who are living separate lives after the death of their parents. After the narrator loses his daughter to Polio, he remembers the promise he made to his mother of taking care of Sonny and he decides to try to fulfi ll this promise and try to get Sonny back to normal life after drugs nearly destroy him. Each story depicts the lives of African American families in a time of racial injustice. Both families encounter obstacles during their quest to move forward to find happiness. In her journal, Lipari points out that the setting of A Raisin in the Sun, was at a time when the â€Å"fundamental structures of political, social and economic oppression of African Amewricans were in the foreground of public life† (Lipari, 97). This journal points out that during this period African American families’ encountered obstacle in economic, social and political in trying to make it in life and finding happiness. Likewise, Martinez comment regarding racism in Sonny’s Blues is a phenomenon having â€Å"festered and thrived in American unconscious psyche while it has been and continues to be acted out in myriad forms of injustice in the society† (Martinez, 1). This clearly illustrates that families in Harlem faced numerous challenges especially with the issue of racial segregation and injustice. He points out that Baldwin â€Å"claims that the narrator’s and Sonny’s lives are representative of the collective suffering of racism experienced by young black males growing up in the Harlem of mid-twentieth-century America† (Martinez, 2). In both stories, a common theme that stands out is that of racial segregation and injustices. In Hansberry’s story, racial segregation reveals its ugly head when Mr. Linder attempts to persuade the Younger family from moving to their new home, mostly inhabited by whites. He even attempts to pay them off to keep them from moving in the mostly white neighborhood. This action is nearly successful since Walter is willing to accept the bribe but Mama stands her ground and at last thy move to their new home. Likewise, in Sonny’s blues, racial issues and injustices are prevalent in the community and the au thor effectively uses recurring images of darkness to bring to light these themes. Sonny and his brother lived in a predominantly black neighborhood and even their father gave up trying to move them away from Harlem, â€Å"Safe! My father grunted, whenever Mama suggested trying to move to a neighborhood which might be safer for children† (Feinstein and Rife, 26). The narrator who is a teacher also illustrates how racial issues and segregation were part of Harlem by describing the students he taught, â€Å"All they really knew were two darknesses, the darkness of their lives, which was now closing in on them and the darkness of movies which had blinded them to that other darkness† (Feinstein and Rife, 26). Both stories highlight the hopelessness that existed in these racially segregated neighborhoods in both stories where whites had opportunities in contrast to blacks who had to endure difficult situations.

Soya-bean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Soya-bean - Essay Example However, now doubts have been raised by scientists, doctors and nutritionists that soy is not that healthy after all and that soy poses special health risk A very interesting account of the historical travel of the soy plant in the Western world has been documented by Hymowitz (1990). While his idea that the soy plant was a saviour, or manna from heaven itself, for many people can be and is subjected to much debate, the historical account of the origin of the plant is well worth a read. Soya bean is a gift to the new world from the ancient oriental (Chinese , Japanese civilization). Before we take up the issue of the actual debate of the nutrient value and the positive and negative effects of this miracle plant, it would be worthwhile to have a brief glimpse into the origin and historical path travelled by it. Recorded history traces of its origin dates back to 2838 BC in China and to 6th century in Japan. Ibn Europe the records show an introduction of the plant as late as the 17th century , with America eventually catching up. Nonetheless, the USA produces one-third of the world's supply and indeed has seen a rise in the actual sales of soy product by nearly 3 times in the past decade. Like most legumes and beans, soy bean... Interestingly they also contain a high proportion of fat, however since this is mostly unsaturated fat, the effects of such lipid forms are mostly beneficial for an individual. However it is important to address that this nutrient content profile is applicable to Whole Foods and not Supplements. Much of the research to date has examined dietary soy in the form of whole foods such as tofu, "soymilk," or as soy protein added to foods, and the public health community mostly concurs that these whole foods can be worthwhile additions to a healthy diet. The recently raised concerns, however, focus on specific components of soy, such as the soy isoflavones daidzein and genistein, not the whole food or intact soy protein. In this respct we need to understand the nutrient content of soy been at the micronutrient level. This is also important since there has been an increase in chemicals, available over the counter in pills and powders, which are both, advertised and marketed as dietary supplements for use by women to help lessen menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes. While it may be possible that soy bean, in whole food has some efficacy for improving a lot of diseased condition, it is imperative to understand that teasing out individual chemicals would not be a good practice. This problem has been very accurately summarised by Wood; "There are probably hundreds of protective compounds in soy [foods]. It's just too big a leap to assume that a pill could do the same thing" (Woods, 2000). The need to exercise caution hence is clear and care must be taken in hailing soy as the food that can do only good. Nonetheless, there is much effect in the literature which supports the increased prevalence of soy bean as a health food. C Soybean as Food While not every form

Civil War in Lebanon PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Civil War in Lebanon - PowerPoint Presentation Example The aggravation of Arab-Israeli conflict after Six-day war (1967) and the proscription of PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) from Jordan in 1970, the weakness of the Lebanese government in the conditions of the sharp intercommoned conflict, which periodically resulted in civil war, let the UNO turn Southern Lebanon into the base for its actions against Israel (Bregman, 2002: 40). Active assistance of the number of Arabian countries, first of all of Syria, let turn Southern Lebanon in operational and training base for separate fighters and the organizations from other countries, which were recognized by some states as terrorist. The territory, bordering to Northern border of Israel, was fully controlled by PLO and even get the name â€Å"Farahland†. PLO was accused by the government of Lebanon in destruction of the country. Palestinian fighters penetrated the territory of Israel through the territory of Lebanon. Israel recognized the actions of PLO as terrorist acts and attacked the territory of Lebanon in response. Thus, the government of Lebanon appeared in a very difficult situation (Bregman, A and El-Tahri, 1998: 38). Palestinian fighters organized â€Å"a state in a state† where Lebanon’s laws were not in force. Palestinian camps and settlements turned into the site of criminality and terrorism. The population of the South of Lebanon suffered from the crimes of Palestinians, primarily Christians –Maronites and Muslims- Shiites. Muslims decided to use a great number of armed Palestinians to change the governmental system of the country for the benefit of Muslims. Such plans would inevitably limit the rights of the Christians on the territory. The army of Lebanon was traditionally weak, thus the Christians of Lebanon started organizing their own self-defense groups, which often had fights with Palestinian forces. Other religious communities and parties also created their own groups, some of which

On Prejudice Essay Example for Free

On Prejudice Essay The word bigot is a powerful word. It is a word that many feel to be of the utmost offense, and yet, by definition, it is a person obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his or her own opinions and prejudices. With this in mind, and human natures impeccable ability to draw stereotypes for every type of person, cant we all be considered bigots? In Bill Cosbys short satire, On Prejudice, this issue is concisely addressed and brought to its knees through his use of sarcasm, and an ability to corner any stereotype by just simply bringing it to a clear, succinct truth. While many balked at the idea of racial prejudice and stereotypes during the 1970s, Cosby approached it with honesty and candor. His use of vulgar words, diffident body language, belittling tone, and biting disparagement allowed Cosby to effectively show societys lack of understanding and appreciation for the worlds racial diversity. In a time when prejudice was beginning to cower in the shadows as a product of the civil rights movement, Cosby recognized that while law had forbid discrimination, it still very much existed in our culture and society. On Prejudice was his way of addressing this delicate issue. The 1970s followed a decade of success among the civil rights movement; however, this success caused many to withdraw from still recognizing it as a problem. While discrimination was pronounced unlawful, Cosby addressed a different kind of prejudice; A prejudice that was subconscious and mendacious. On Prejudice opens with a wide shot of Cosby sitting on a stool beneath a single spotlight. The music is a single violin, playing a single chord. Cosby is smoking a cigar and slouched over the stool. The use of lighting and music is very effective in that it truly adds to the solitude of Cosbys ridicule. It is a keen way that he uses to single out prejudice, and it is very effective in that it gives a sense that bigotry is a lonely place to be. His body language and subtle movements give the audience a sense of distance and that the person they are watching is very closed off. Cosby then begins to speak. At first notice he employs a feeling of simple impersonation and innocent humor. However, after listening, one begins to realize that his impersonation goes much deeper. Secondary thoughts begin to surface and innocent humor turns into harsh ridicule and mockery. He speaks on old people, children, Jews, Irish, African Americans (which he refers to as niggers), and Italians. Each group is addressed as the scum of the earth. He takes stereotypes and prejudices and gives them a voice. His phrases and word usage have a bold honesty to them. He consistently speaks of making groups just go away. But he abstains from his harsh comments by repeating that they would not have to leave by blood shed. This effectively adds to the arrogance of his character and truly reveals the power of satire. Another action he consistently refers to is spitting on certain groups. He sets up why he dislikes each group. Then, whether it is the drunken Irish, Italian criminals, or slow old people, he then follows with stating that if he were to see these groups he would just spit on them. This is reintroduced over and over again to remind the audience that they are dealing with an obnoxious person. This technique also reinforces the arrogance of his character in that it shows that he lacks the will to come up with intelligent solutions or justification for his actions. With these in mind, Cosbys most effective technique is his ability to grab the audiences attention through satirical disdain. Cosby makes it incredibly easy to fall into a trap where one can be lured into relating to his judgments and stereotypes. He makes his audience laugh and connect with his opinions. But just when the audience begins to feel comfortable, Cosby reveals that he is a bigot. This sense of comfort and correlation quickly turns to scorn. He reveals how shameful it is to stereotype. All while staying in character and reinforcing the arrogance of society. He makes his audience feel as if they were no better than the man whose solution is to just get rid of ? em. He makes his audience feel that they are no better than a man whos so hateful that he would spit on other people. It is an ultimate sense of embarrassment. Putting these techniques to use gives one a sense of truth and yet shame at the same time. By addressing the most common forms of stereotypes and racial discrimination, He allows his audience to stop and not only reflect on how wrong it is to racially profile, but to also allow his audience to consider the judgments they themselves may have passed on certain groups prior. Cosbys impersonation ultimately embodies that of social unjust as a whole. Because of his honest and impudent characterization, he allows for no gray areas of discussion. His parody of a bigot properly makes each and every person feel like a bigot.

Michael Porters Analysis Of Starbucks Essay -- essays research papers

Michael Porter, a Harvard Professor introduces his ideology of the Five Forces model that shapes the competition in the industry. Each force is interrelated and therefore leads into the other to show the elements directly involved in the further success or ultimate success of the firm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Starbucks Coffee Co. throughout its existence since 1971, with its great management team, innovative style of thinking and strong will to succeed in compliance with its mission and vision statements has and continues to overcome its barriers by recognizing such strategic planning as those included in Porter’s five forces model. The model includes such components as Barriers to Entry, Supplier and Buyer Power, Threat of Substitutions, and most importantly the Industry Competitors. Starbucks throughout its existence has addressed each and every one of Porters forces with a positive edge that has greatly contributed to the success of the company. Starbucks took many risks and spent capital that it really did not have. To build a corporation based on intuition and a trip to Italy has undoubtedly paid off in the long run which is evident throughout the year that Starbucks has been in operation. Howard Schultz, CEO and founder of the company, has stuck to his con viction not to â€Å"sacrifice long-term integrity and values for short-term profit.† He knew if he played his cards right and stuck to his guns it would only be a matter of time that Starbucks would become the world largest coffee industry in the world. He wanted the company to become and international outlet for coffee consumers which not only included men and woman but also addresses the needs and wants of those of all ages and nationalities, children, students and any other category of people that have and interest in Starbucks diverse product line. With constant dedication to the company’s vision and mission statement and believing in the value of market share and name recognition and how critical they are to the success of the company, he was able to achieve his goal within a few years. During this time of course he has been able to open a total of 1,100 stores and continues to do so until this day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Starbucks Coffee Co. continues to address the issues introduced in Porter’s Five-Force Model as such:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Entrants (Barriers to Entry i... ...mployees). Starbucks also only acquires companies that comply with the ethical beliefs and standards set forth by the company because it is believed that this is the only way a company merger can survive or be successful in the long-term. When a foreign company does not comply with the standards set forth by them, Starbucks reacts instantaneously. An example of such an instance was in 1995 when they reacted to the neglectful treatment of the workers in Guatemala who were earning less than $3.00 a day, by enforcing a code of minimal working conditions and pay for foreign subcontractors. The company’s guidelines call for overseas suppliers to pay wages and benefits that â€Å"address the basic needs of workers and their families† and to only allow child labor when it does not interrupt required education (58-11).† Starbucks can be considered a trendsetter not only in products but also in the area of work ethics by sticking to its mission of the company and apply ing it whether working domestic or foreign. Starbucks is socially responsible and responsive to not only the issues affecting the company and the employees but also to that of the community through which they are able to exist. Michael Porters Analysis Of Starbucks Essay -- essays research papers Michael Porter, a Harvard Professor introduces his ideology of the Five Forces model that shapes the competition in the industry. Each force is interrelated and therefore leads into the other to show the elements directly involved in the further success or ultimate success of the firm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Starbucks Coffee Co. throughout its existence since 1971, with its great management team, innovative style of thinking and strong will to succeed in compliance with its mission and vision statements has and continues to overcome its barriers by recognizing such strategic planning as those included in Porter’s five forces model. The model includes such components as Barriers to Entry, Supplier and Buyer Power, Threat of Substitutions, and most importantly the Industry Competitors. Starbucks throughout its existence has addressed each and every one of Porters forces with a positive edge that has greatly contributed to the success of the company. Starbucks took many risks and spent capital that it really did not have. To build a corporation based on intuition and a trip to Italy has undoubtedly paid off in the long run which is evident throughout the year that Starbucks has been in operation. Howard Schultz, CEO and founder of the company, has stuck to his con viction not to â€Å"sacrifice long-term integrity and values for short-term profit.† He knew if he played his cards right and stuck to his guns it would only be a matter of time that Starbucks would become the world largest coffee industry in the world. He wanted the company to become and international outlet for coffee consumers which not only included men and woman but also addresses the needs and wants of those of all ages and nationalities, children, students and any other category of people that have and interest in Starbucks diverse product line. With constant dedication to the company’s vision and mission statement and believing in the value of market share and name recognition and how critical they are to the success of the company, he was able to achieve his goal within a few years. During this time of course he has been able to open a total of 1,100 stores and continues to do so until this day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Starbucks Coffee Co. continues to address the issues introduced in Porter’s Five-Force Model as such:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Entrants (Barriers to Entry i... ...mployees). Starbucks also only acquires companies that comply with the ethical beliefs and standards set forth by the company because it is believed that this is the only way a company merger can survive or be successful in the long-term. When a foreign company does not comply with the standards set forth by them, Starbucks reacts instantaneously. An example of such an instance was in 1995 when they reacted to the neglectful treatment of the workers in Guatemala who were earning less than $3.00 a day, by enforcing a code of minimal working conditions and pay for foreign subcontractors. The company’s guidelines call for overseas suppliers to pay wages and benefits that â€Å"address the basic needs of workers and their families† and to only allow child labor when it does not interrupt required education (58-11).† Starbucks can be considered a trendsetter not only in products but also in the area of work ethics by sticking to its mission of the company and apply ing it whether working domestic or foreign. Starbucks is socially responsible and responsive to not only the issues affecting the company and the employees but also to that of the community through which they are able to exist.

Cats

I have read and understood The University of Sydney Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism in Coursework Policy 2012 . I understand that failure to comply with the Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism in Coursework Policy can lead to the University commencing proceedings against me for potential student misconduct under Chapter 8 of the University of Sydney By-Law 1999 (as amended). 4. This work is substantially my own, and to the extent that any part of this work is not my own I have indicated that it is not my own by acknowledging the source of that part or those parts of the work. . The assessment has not been submitted previously for assessment in this or any other unit, or another institution. . I acknowledge that the assessor of this assignment may, for the purpose of assessing this assignment may: Reproduce this assignment and provide a copy to another member of the Faculty of Health Sciences; and/or Use similarity detection software (which may then retain a copy of the assignment o n its database for the purpose of future plagiarism checking). 7. I have retained a duplicate copy of the assignment.Please type in your name here to acknowledge this declaration: Coherence Luau Now proceed to page 2 to begin your assignment. This template will become your assignment file. OFFICE USE ONLY Question 1: Positivistic Theory (Biological and Psychological Theory) The positivist approach to criminality introduced the idea of empirically researching crime to understand the causes of criminality, and thus the solutions to solving it. Positivism is based in logic, and is the philosophy that combined epistemological phenomena with science (Blackmore, 1972).The theory assumes that criminals are fundamentally different from non-criminals; either biologically (Limbos), psychologically (Freud), social (Park, Druthers) or in some combination of them all, ND thus aim to classify people according to these differences (Boom, 2010). The approach ultimately replaced the ‘rational man' with the ‘criminal type' (Killing, 1997). The period of Enlightenment in the 18th century enforced human progression, and as such, saw Positivism gain popularity.It was a move from abstract reasoning to rationalism, from superstition to science, with the emergence of intellectuals with philosophies to understand and improve the world (Porter, 2001). Since this time, the positivist approach has guided policymaking throughout the criminal Justice system. Positivism focused on specifically tailored treatment to fit the needs of offenders' (Treadwell, 2006). Positivists dismiss any form of evidence that does not have an empirical basis, such as religion, magic, philosophy and tradition (Blackmore, 1972).Those that cannot be objectively experienced are rejected, in so that positivists can explain criminal behavior through that which can only be observed or measured (Boom, 2010). Biological positivists look at observables such as anatomical abnormalities, identifiable genetic o f gene patterns, and bodily actions where as psychological positivists will look at biological observables, but will add behavioral factors, for instance, child rearing practices and brain abnormalities that causes identifiable behavior outcomes.Positivism views criminals as certain kinds of human beings who are governed by natural phenomena, which have been set in place by an external factor that is out of their control. It follows that criminals do not make decisions regarding their criminal behavior, and thus, the abstract view of humans being rational were discarded. Biological theories sought to determine a biological defect inside individuals that caused a predisposition towards criminal behavior.Limbos was one of the most influential early biological thinkers and positivist theorists, and was influenced by phrenology in his theory. Phrenology is the concept that the shape of your skull defines your character. Through his studies, Limbos identified ‘born criminals' to be dangerous ‘evolutionary throwbacks' (Limbos, 2006). He identified physical features of criminals, which supported this notion, as they echoed biological features of an ape. Among others, Limbos classified several criminal characteristics through studying cadavers of executed criminals.Features such as smaller and more deformed skulls, canine teeth, protruding ears, excessive hairiness and unusually long arms were said to be common features in criminals (Limbos, 2006). Generally, biological positivists search for biological causes generally in genetic inheritance. The chromosome pairing of an ordinary female is XX, and for a male, XX. However, there are naturally occurring variations, for example the pairing EX. of chromosomes, known as the Skillfulness's Syndrome (Taylor, Walton and Young, 1973).This theory claimed that people with an extra X chromosome were more likely to omit crimes and could be identified by their biological and physical features, such as lacking facial ai r, round bodies and were frequently infertile. However, further investigation into this theory showed that abnormal people containing an extra Y chromosome showed signs of slight mental deficiency. On this assumption, Price undertook chromosome counts on all available male patients in a special security institution in Scotland and found that X† males tended to be severe psychopaths.The extra Y chromosome, therefore, appeared to be positively linked to increased eight and psychopaths. In essence, biological positivists were attempting to be able to identify criminals by looking at them. Psychological positivism focuses on aggression, psychopathology and violence when studying crime (Storefront, 1990). It is based in the field of psychometrics that seeks to measure psychological and mental differences between criminals and non- criminals.One of the most famous theories in this field is Sigmund Freud†s theory of the structures of the mind, used to explain the influence of t he unconscious over conscious thoughts, feelings, and behavior. The theory divides itself into the unconscious id, the ego, and the superego (Martin, 2007). Further, Wilson and Hermiston's personality study and crime concluded that crime is a rational act of defective personality (Treadwell, 2006). Furthermore, psychologically based theories in criminology have focused on deficient cognitions as causes of crimes.Hostels and Sameness (2004) extended this notion by their study of male offenders from a variety of backgrounds, which were divided into an experimental group and compared to a control group of ‘normal' convicted prisoners. The two theorists legged that a common factor in shaping the thinking pattern of criminals was denial of responsibility. They concluded that these thinking errors were an aspect of criminal thinking patterns, and developed a cognitive treatment programmer to ‘cure' these errors.Druthers held the belief that societies are external to the indivi duals who compose them (Schemas, 1994), and from this, formulated his notion of a social fact. A social fact is every way of acting, fixed or not, capable of exercising on the individual an external constraint; or again, every way of acting which is general wrought a given society, while at the same time existing in its own right independent of its individual manifestations. Druthers was the pioneer of early positivist Social Research with his famous study of suicide.This was so others would be able to develop evidence for ideas on human behavior rather than unsubstantiated theories. The use of positivism in criminology aims to identify the problem and treat it, and thus control crime and criminality. In more modern times, Rained conducted a study in 1998 on the brains of murderers as compared to a control group using PET scans. In the case of those who committed impulsive murders, Rained concluded that the emotional impulsive murderers are less able to regulate and control aggressi ve impulses generated from subtropical structures due to deficient preferential regulation† (Rafter, 2008).Despite conclusions drawn from the movement in criminology, it was claimed that Very little of contemporary psychology can be described as positivistic' (McGuire, 2004) as it is not directly observable, and thus to associate it with Positivism is fallacious. Theorists such as Boom criticized Positivism for its flawed belief in roommate consensus (Boom, 2010), as well as Reid, who believed that positivism was a dualistic fallacy (Reid, 1982).As the approach advocates two distinct groups of criminals and non-criminals whom are influenced by biological, psychological and social factors, other elements such as ones culture was dismissed in the theory. In regards to the positivist approach to Skillfulness's Syndrome, it was found out through further research that criminals had normal chromosomes and that non-criminals also had abnormal chromosomes, thus disproving the black an d white division of Iranians being the only people with irregular genetic material.Nonetheless, the Positivist movement has played a vital role in shaping the criminal Justice system. Regardless of its ignorant faults in its biomedical and psychological aspects, the approach has influenced Western criminal codes and has impacted the modifications made of the classical model. Rushers, a modern day psychologist, bases his research on the Positivist theory. His book, â€Å"Race, Evolution and Behavior† (1995) attempts to show that East Asian people and their descendants average a larger brain size, greater intelligence, and slower rates of maturation than o Europeans and their descendants.The contributions of the positivist school have combined with the classical theory of criminology to shape the contemporary criminal Justice system. The punishment of a criminal must fit the crime (Siegel, 2010), as in reality, victims and perpetrators are often the same people, Just swapping r oles in different situations† (Maguire, 1996). Positivism was formulated on the intention of obtaining facts about human behavior, but as human existence is a complex and volatile phenomenon, any attempt to classify it in black and white falls short.Aiming to obtain objective fact is important in influencing criminal legislations, and can offer solutions to committed crimes. However, relying solely on objectivity is impossible, and subjectivity must be accepted as an inherent part of human nature as any claim of pure objectivity is simply fictitious (Reid, 1982).

Oral Presentation-Washing Vehicle

Hello everyone !! , sulfanilamide n good afternoon to my handsome n beauty customers.. Are u k today Yeah that's good .. First of all?all of u bring motorcycle at polio right ?†¦ So ,that is the reasons why we at here.. L Abdul Hake n this my partner Sit Wadding from Clearer Sad Bad at IIOP , to promote our service is washing motorcycle at this polio. So,I give to my partner to more explaining about our service.This is our business card that have our name Mr. Abdul Hake n I Sit wadding,our intact number 014-2345678 n 012-1122233,our backbone account ,email n bloodspot cellular†¦ So, I want to show to u all our timetable for this service. The reasons why we making the timetable because we also the student at politeness nuke Omar. We must manage time wisely for study n this service. OK,go to the timetable,for on Monday,Tuesday and Wednesday ,customers must go to our place at night only because a day we have a class.. On Thursday,we not working.On Friday,the same time n Monda y,Tuesday n Wednesday but we have to go to customer's house. Is the same meaning house to house. On Saturday also,the same what we do previously but a day n night only. Lastly,on Sunday we rest from 1 pm to 2. Pm. So,' give to my partner to explain about our statistic. HI, I can explain for the statistic,from the timetable n what we do can conclude that 90% customer is come to wash a motorcycle. 4% for who use a car. 5% who comes to our company to washing their vehicle and 1% for who bring bicycle to our company. My conclusion, many customers is who use motorcycles because many student bring motorcycle to politeness and we wash house to house.Other than that, student to avoid from traffic Jam. So,that is the reason many our customers wash motorcycle from other. I want asking to all my lovely customer,why u must choose us Because first, we provide a free Wife for 2-3 customers who comes washing to our company. Second ,we go to customer's house. And lastly ,for the price we so cheap n reasonable. Eve to my partner to explain about our target. So, for our target of course student polio but lecturer is also can and other people in IIOP . That's all Handsome n beauty customers, listen up please!! We have some surprise for all,for upgrade our company we do a new services. The service is housekeeping from house to house. So, support our company. Thank you for lending your eyes n ears. N I sit wadding n this my partner Abdul hake. Our tagging is you like, we work hard again. Oral Presentation-Washing Vehicle By Newspaperwoman

Sports Massage essays

Sports Massage essays How ya holdin up, kid? The old man in a pit-stained wife beater with his right cheek pressed close against his prized fighter whispers more words of encouragement as his hands knead into the fighters shoulders and as they both stare across the ring at the powerhouse pugilist that has already done so much damage. Keep on him-youre doing great, Rocky. In this classic moment from Rocky, the cinematic fervor is at a boiling point. The bout of bouts between the underdog, Rocky, and the Ali-esque punching prodigy, Apollo, is in full swing, with the above exchange being a brief respite from the mounting four corner action. In the world of celluloid, this breather from the gloved gala serves as a much needed mental boost for Rocky whos getting the rough end of the wallop stick. However in the world of sports massage, old Mickey , by kneading Rockys shoulders and back during his little pep talk is performing an immediate and highly beneficial task-namely increasing blood flow through the muscles involved in fighting which equals faster removal of toxins and therefore better performance. And here, in a cinematic nutshell, is the driving principle behind the widely practiced theory of sports massage. Sports massage has its roots in the school of tactile healing known as Swedish massage, which was developed by Dr. Per Henrik Ling during the 1820s. There are five main massage movements used in Swedish massage and which are all borrowed in the practice of sports massage: effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, friction, and vibration. Effleurage involves a stroking motion of the hands over muscle tissue, while petrissage is the motion associated with kneading. Used in conjunction these two motions promote circulation of blood through muscle tissue. Tapotement , as its name suggests, is a tapping or thumping motion of the hands across muscle tissue to warm up the tissue for deepe...

Procter&Gamble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Procter&Gamble - Essay Example ledge and learning, discipline and thoroughness are part of Procter and Gamble’s ideals of best practice.By implementing profit sharing, the company reinforces loyalty for the company, mutual respect and trust between management and workers. Among the principles and values are a deep commitment towards customers’ best interests, social service, employees’ welfare and business operations that are simple, direct and transparent. (Dyer et al, 2004: ix, 46, 305). Increasing intense competition from Unilever, Johnson and Johnson, Kimberly-Clark, L’Oreal and other companies is weakening the company’s position in the share market. Further, demand for consumer goods is impacted by the soundness of the United States economy and particularly by corporate profits. Also, investigators have uncovered the fact that animal testing is being done by the company in harsh conditions for its cosmetic and drug manufacturing units (Swasy, 1994: 196). Since consumers are aware of the ethics behind production and the need for corporate social responsibility, this may affect the marketability of its products. Acquisitions such as the recent one of Gillette prove to be mutually beneficial (Hannon, 2008: 46). Further, developing the different markets which are opening up opportunities for P & G to establish itself has to be done with priority product categories, and the organization to be developed to carry out the strategies have to be planned (Conklin, 2006: 189). Technological advances have made it possible to increase the rate of production several times, thus reducing overhead costs (Swasy, 1994: 97). With the aging population all over the world increasing in proportion, as compared to a decade earlier, the growing need for skin care and pharmaceutical products along with research development has opened up new opportunities in these spheres. Competitors have been devoting more research funds to cosmetics than to detergents or other products, with higher profit margins

Professional Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Professional Research Methods - Essay Example Other concerns about the applicability of quantitative methodologies to in-dept examination of complex social phenomena include taking the collected data out of the real-world setting, poor representativeness and generalisation of data, exclusion of discovery from the realm of scientific inquiry, etc. The institutional structure of business and management research has also reacted to the criticism of the positivist paradigm. Increasing numbers of qualitative studies published domestically and internationally have challenged the traditional view of qualitative research paradigm as the inferior to the more rigorous and reliable quantitative methodology. The aim of this paper is to identify the major research designs and techniques associated with each methodology and to provide explanation on the views about the nature of knowledge (epistemology) and the nature of reality (ontology) underlying these perspectives. There are various classifications of methods used in the area of professional research, but the most common classification splits the methods into two large groups, namely quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative methodology employs methods historically applied in the natural (physical) sciences. The primary task of quantitative research is to ensure validity and reliability of results (Dingwall et al, 1998). Examples of quantitative methods widely used in the social sciences and business and management research are survey methods, formal methods (e.g. econometrics), laboratory experiments and several numerical methods (e.g. mathematical modelling) (Myers, 1997). Quantitative research implies standardized questionnaires and methods of data analysis, specific position of the researcher whom is considered external to the research, replicability of the results regardless of the context, etc (Wainer and Braun, 1998). While reliability and validity are the most often cited strengths of the quantitative methodology, poor applicability of this methodology to exploration of a phenomenon, which is difficult or impossible to quantify, is considered a serious weakness. The main drawback that limits applicability of quantitative methods is the so-called 'decontextualization': models constructed on the basis of data obtained through quantitative methods do not take into account certain variables that act in the real world context (Patton, 1987). Qualitative methodology utilizes a naturalistic approach seeking to understand phenomena in a specific context, such as "real world setting [where] the researcher does not attempt to manipulate the phenomenon of interest" (Patton, 2002: 39). The broad definition of qualitative research is "any kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other means of quantification" (Strauss and Corbin, 1990: 17). Qualitative research reveals findings observed in the real world context where the phenomena being studied unfold naturally (Patton, 2002). The motivation underlying qualitative research is the researchers desire to understand the social and cultural phenomena within the real-world setting. Qualitative methods are designed to