Mahatma Ghandis Views and Opinions of the Rama Essay

There are hundreds of different versions of the Ramayana in various geographical locations. Even though the main characters stay consistent most of the time, their themes, actions and motifs often vary, which gives different groups of people multiple interpretations of how to use these stories. This is especially true for Rama because many people view him as the Supreme God, especially Ghandi and the RSS, although they have differing opinions on Rama’s image. Mahatma Ghandi was arguably one of the most prominent figures during the 20th century due to his views about the assimilation of religions in India, rebellion through nonviolence, and eliminating British rule in India. Some Hindus, especially the RSS, wanted to get rid of the Muslim†¦show more content†¦A true satyagrahi does something purely because it is their moral duty. If a satyagrahi has truth on his side, he will win, and if his thought is faulty, he will suffer the consequences of his fault (Gandhi in Mukherjee 1993: 128). Truth is the highest dharma a person can attain. Dharma, is a person’s duty and righteousness according to their â€Å"caste, social class, or stage of life (Narayanan 2004: 58).† This is why Rama is considered the Supreme God and a satyagrahi, because he always followed dharma. He always did his duty, and what he considered to be right. Therefore, a true satyagrahi will have good dharma, and Rama represents the ultimate satyagrahi. The Ramayan had at least 2 revivals in the last hundred years, the first was when Mahatma Gandhi described an ideal polity and just rule as Ramrajya (Vajpeyi 2011: 2). This was when Ghandi was criticizing British colonialism. He gets his views from his portrayal of Rama because he perceives Rama as the Supreme Being. â€Å"I must say that the independence of my dream means Ramayana, i.e. the Kingdom of God on Earth (Gandhi in Mukherjee 1993: 82).† Ghandi believed Rama to be non-violent, not overly aggressive, and one who had conquered self-pride. Rama also has virtues that are said to be common in all human beings, according to dharma, which include gratitude, non-violence, compassion, and generosity (Narayanan. 2004: 58). For example, in the Ramayana written by Naranjuan, Rama shows compassion

Constructing On Constructivism The Role Of Technology Education Essay Free Essays

string(97) " transform their engagement in the civilization † \( Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996, p\." Abstraction A complementary relationship exists between engineering and constructivism, the execution of each one profiting the other. Constructivism is a philosophy saying that larning takes topographic point in contexts, while engineering refers to the designs and environments that engage scholars. Recent efforts to incorporate engineering in the schoolroom have been within the context of a constructivist model ( e. We will write a custom essay sample on Constructing On Constructivism The Role Of Technology Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now g. , Richards, 1998 ) . The intent of this paper is to analyze the interrelatedness between constructivism and engineering as revealed by empirical research. The instances include a assortment of surveies in a assortment of scenes – instructor instruction, on-line acquisition, and K-12 instruction ; constructivist schemes include collaborative and concerted acquisition methods, prosecuting in critical and brooding thought, rating through electronic portfolios, and a critical expression at emerging instructor functions within constructivist paradigms. Success has been reported in the development of constructivist class faculties utilizing engineering as cognitive tools, profiting both pupils and module. However, many instructors do non utilize constructivist patterns, and those who do are non wise in their choice of engineering usage ( Rakes, Flowers, Casey, A ; Santana, 1999 ) . Technology needs to be viewed in a 3-dimensional position: semiotic, epistemological, and matter-o f-fact, enabling the â€Å" building of cognition † by scholars through a procedure of socialization. Introduction â€Å" Once cognizing is no longer understood as the hunt for an iconic representation of ontological world, but, alternatively, as a hunt for suiting ways of behaving and thought, the traditional job disappears. Knowledge can now be seen as something that the being builds up in the effort to order the as such formless flow of experienceaˆÂ ¦ † von Glasersfeld ( 1984, p. 39 ) The usage of computing machine engineering to back up acquisition has been hard to document and quantify ( Clark, 1994 ; Russell, 1999 ) , go forthing the function of computing machines in the schoolroom unstable. In the past decennary, a sudden revival of involvement was markedly observed in the schoolroom usage of technological inventions, along with the increased usage of the Internet and other digital engineerings ( Reiser, 2002 ) . The field of Instructional Design and Technology, excessively, saw the development and outgrowth of alternate attacks, such as cognitive and constructivist theories, that deviated aggressively from traditional patterns, such as behavioural theoretical accounts. New accents, like electronic public presentation support systems, web-based direction, and knowledge direction systems, non merely agitate the cognition base of the field, but besides widened its skyline across concern and industry, the military, wellness attention and instruction, worldwide ( Reiser, 2002 ) . Enterprises, such as located larning theory and constructivism presented fresh attacks to convey about reforms in the spheres of public instruction and higher instruction ( Anderson, Reder A ; Simon, 1996 ; Brown, Collins A ; Duguid, 1989 ; Jonassen, 1999 ; Reiser, 2002 ) . To understand the potency of engineering execution in heightening the teaching-learning procedure, the impact of constructivism on schoolroom patterns has been studied by many research workers ( e.g. , Black A ; McClintock, 1995 ; Richards, 1998 ; Brush A ; Saye, 2000 ) . Other research workers have suggested that constructivist schemes exploit engineerings for greatest impact in larning ( e.g. , Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996 ) . A complementary relationship appears to be between computing machine engineerings and constructivism, the execution of each one profiting the other. Constructivism, derived chiefly from the plants of Piaget ( 1970 ) , Bruner ( 1962, 1979 ) , Vygotsky ( 1962, 1978 ) , and Papert ( 1980, 1983 ) , is both a philosophical and psychological attack based on societal cognitivism that assumes that individuals, behaviours and environments interact in mutual manner ( Schunk, 2000 ) . Constructivism is a philosophy saying that larning takes topographic point in contexts, and that scholars form or construct much of what they learn and understand as a map of their experiences in state of affairs ( Schunk, 2000 ) . More late, research workers ( e.g. , Lave, 1990 ; Saxe, Guberman A ; Gearheart, 1987 ) have presented more qualitative certification of larning in context. Technology, harmonizing to Jonassen, Peck, and Wilson ( 1999 ) refers to â€Å" the designs and environments that engage scholars † ( p. 12 ) . The focal point of both constructivism and engineering are so on the creative activity of larning environments. Likewise, Hannfin and Hill ( 2002 ) depict these larning environments as contexts: in which knowledge-building tools ( affordances ) and the agencies to make and pull strings artefacts of understanding are provided, non one in which constructs are explicitly taughtaˆÂ ¦ a topographic point where scholars work together and back up each other as they use a assortment of tools and larning resources in their chase of larning ends and problem-solving activities ( p.77 ) . The intent of this paper is to reexamine the research on the integrating of engineering in the schoolroom, foregrounding the connexion between constructivism and engineering. The focal point is on the constructivist position of larning as an active procedure of building instead than geting cognition, and direction as a procedure that supports building instead than pass oning cognition. The reappraisal is followed by a series of instance surveies, stressing constructivism and engineering ‘s relationship. Finally, deductions for instructors and instructor pedagogues are presented. Review of Related Literature In order to understand larning within a constructivist model, as an activity in context, the whole acquisition environment must be examined. However, the broad diverseness of constructivist positions makes the task really complex and beyond the range of this paper. These positions normally emphasize the function of the instructor, the pupil, and the cultural embeddedness of acquisition ( see for example, Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996 ; Honebein, Duffy, A ; Fishman, 1993 ; Simons, 1993 ) . Using these commonalties as guidelines, this reappraisal outlines the relationship of constructivism with engineering by looking at ( a ) engineering as cognitive tools, ( B ) constructive position of the thought procedure, and ( degree Celsius ) the function of the instructor in engineering enhanced environments. Technology as Cognitive Tools A cardinal premise of constructivism is that larning is mediated by tools and marks ( Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996 ; Ezell A ; O’Keeffe, 1994 ) . â€Å" Culture creates the tool, but the tool changes the civilization. Participants in the civilization appropriate these tools from their civilization to run into their ends, and thereby transform their engagement in the civilization † ( Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996, p. You read "Constructing On Constructivism The Role Of Technology Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" 180 ) . The computing machine is an example of mediational agencies that has facets of both tool and mark. The computing machine ‘s function in instruction has been mostly viewed as an instructional tool and for supplying a richer and more exciting acquisition environment ( Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996 ; Jonassen A ; Reeves, 1996 ; Taylor, 1980 ) . However, by concentrating on the scholar, the function of engineering can back up new apprehensions and capablenesss, therefore, offering a cognitive tool to back up cognitive and metacognitive procedures. For illustration, an electronic exchange plan between pupils of a category in the U.S. with a similar schoolroom in Northern Ireland shared multiple cultural positions through images, narratives, letters and multimedia plans ( Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996 ) . The experience was enriching, increasing their apprehension. Further, clear uping the function of engineering in acquisition, Duffy and Cunningham ( 1996 ) province: Technology is seen as an built-in portion of the cognitive activityaˆÂ ¦.This position of distributed knowledge significantly impacts how we think of the function of engineering in instruction and preparation, the focal point is non on the person in isolation and what he or she knows, but on the activity in the environment. It is the activity – focused and contextualized- that is cardinal†¦ The procedure of building is directed towards making a universe that makes sense to us, that is equal for our mundane operation ( pp. 187-188 ) . Therefore, the undertaking of the scholar is seen as dynamic, and the computing machine makes available new larning chances. The position of engineering as cognitive tools is besides shared by other research workers ( e.g. , Jonassen, 1994 ; Jonassen A ; Reeves, 1996 ; Lajoie, 2000 ) . The traditional position of instructional engineerings of direction as conveyers of information and communicators of cognition is supplanted with active function the scholar plays in larning with engineering. Technologies, chiefly computing machines, help construct cognition bases, which will â€Å" prosecute the scholars more and ensue in more meaningful and movable knowledgeaˆÂ ¦ Learners map as interior decorators utilizing the engineering as tools for analysing the universe, accessing information, interpretation and forming their personal cognition, and stand foring what they know to others † ( Jonassen, 1994, p. 2 ) . Technological tools such as spreadsheets, databases, adept systems, picture conferencing and others can be used by pupils to analyse capable affair, develop representative mental theoretical a ccounts, and so transcribe them into cognition bases ( Jonassen, 1994 ; Jonassen A ; Carr, 2000 ; Jonassen A ; Reeves, 1996 ) . An illustration is the development of fake microworlds and games by kids utilizing Logo scheduling. Logo scheduling has evolved since the early text-based medium conceived by Seymour Papert and his squad at MIT in the 1970 ‘s, to a well easy, digitized format. Kafai, Ching, and Marshall ( 1997 ) gave an introductory preparation plan to fifth and sixth grade pupils one hebdomad before the design undertakings. The Logo version included support for modern computing machine characteristics like multimedia, sprite life, sounds, films, and pigment tools. Harmonizing to Kafai and her co-workers ( 1997 ) , the multimedia package proved to be a good context for pupils to larn through coaction and undertaking direction. The interaction between squad members, the flow of thoughts and loud thought encouraged the kids to experiment and happen alternate ways for planing and work outing jobs. For illustration, the pupils worked on different characters separately, but so worked together to inc orporate all the characters, and in debugging ( Kafai et al. , 1997 ) . Cognitive tools do non prevent the usage of computing machines to increase productiveness for larning. Off-loading insistent undertakings and lower order undertakings to cognitive tools frees cognitive resources for deeper thought ( Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996 ; Jonassen, 1999 ) and reduces mistakes. Harmonizing to Swain and Pearson ( 2001 ) , instructors and pupils must be educated to utilize the computing machine as a productiveness tool, every bit good as a tool for acquisition, research, networking, coaction, telecommunications, and problem-solving. Using computing machines as a productiveness tool is one of the six National Educational Technological Standards ( NETS ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //cnets.iste.org/ ) for instructors which states that instructors will â€Å" utilize engineering to heighten their productiveness and professional patterns † ( Morrison, Lowther, A ; DeMeulle, 1999 ) . Constructive position of â€Å" Thinking † The procedure of thought in constructivist paradigms requires higher-order accomplishments, diging deeper and harder into content and context ( Black A ; McClintock, 1995 ; Jonassen, n.d. ; Manzo, 1998 ; Swain A ; Pearson, 2001 ) . Traditional schooling, harmonizing to Manzo ( 1998 ) , really discourages constructive believing with ends of conveying bing cognition that conflicts with any existent effort to bring forth new apprehension. â€Å" Constructivist thought combines both the critical and originative rational procedures. It can be practiced by promoting critical analysis in activities. Schools, instructors and pupils can be conditioned to swerve away from traditional schooling regimen to promote constructive thought † ( Manzo, 1998, p. 287 ) . Cognitive tools, along with constructivist larning environments, usher and activate cognitive acquisition schemes and critical thought ( Jonassen, 1994 ) . Cognitive tools help in cognition building and non knowledge reproductio n. The cognition constructed by the scholars reflects their comprehension and construct of the information. To exemplify, when pupils build cognition bases with databases, they need to analyse the content sphere and engage in critical thought. Black and McClintok ( 1999 ) emphasis the importance of reading as being cardinal to knowledge and acquisition. Their design of Study Supported Environments ( SSEs ) based on constructivist design rules called Interpretation Construction Design ( ICON ) focused chiefly on the interpretative building of reliable artefacts in the context of rich background stuffs, and crossing across different Fieldss of survey. Their survey showed that in add-on to larning specific content, pupils were able to get generalizable reading and debate accomplishments. For illustration, in learning 6th grade antediluvian history, a plan called Archaeotype A © was used that presented pupils with a in writing simulation of an archeological site. Students who worked collaboratively in groups, had to delve up artefacts through simulation, observe and mensurate them in fake research labs, and eventually through a procedure of reading and debate, arrived at the apprehension of general rules behind what they were making. In a follow-up rating survey, it was found that there were important additions in the interpretive and debate accomplishments of pupils who had participated in the survey against a control group ( Black A ; McClintock, 1999 ) . Brooding thought, that requires careful deliberation, is besides encouraged by constructivists ( e.g. , Kafai et al. , 1997 ; Swain A ; Pearson, 2001 ; Walker, 2000 ) . Metacognition, or the self-monitoring and self-denial of the acquisition procedure, is emphasized. New cognition which is composed is added to old representations, modifying them in the procedure. This normally requires external staging in the signifier of people, books, or engineerings such as computing machines. Swain and Pearson ( 2001 ) recommend the pattern of brooding thought by instructors to measure their engineering usage. They stress the importance of certification of brooding ideas to find the extent and quality of personal versus instructional utilizations of engineering, organisation and execution of environments and activities. Jonassen ( 1994 ) describes technological tools as â€Å" rational spouses † and â€Å" powerful accelerators † in the procedure of acquisition, â€Å" scaffolding the all important procedures of articulation and contemplation, which are the foundations of cognition building † ( p. 5 ) . The Role of the Teacher in Technology Enhanced Environments The function of the instructor as a facilitator is seen as most of import in a constructivist context ( Witfelt, 2000 ; Richards, 1998 ) . Within a constructivist schoolroom, the instructor engenders societal and rational climes, where collaborative and concerted acquisition methods are supported. In parallel, technology-enhanced schoolrooms tap constructivist schemes ( Jonassen, 1999 ) , set uping problem-based undertakings where pupils actively construct cognition, associating knew cognition with old cognition. In non-traditional schoolrooms such as the open/global schoolroom ( Walker, 2000 ; Witfelt, 2000 ) , the function and duties of the instructor have changed. The instructor, as an agent, has to invariably update information and engineering for doing learning reliable and relevant. For illustration, while developing a class faculty for instructors and taxonomy for instructor competences in the usage of educational multimedia, Witfelt ( 2000 ) observed that it was of import to unite several theories such as constructivism, postmodernism, situated intelligence and multiple intelligences. However, the theoretical model would be constructivist in nature with the instructor presuming the function of the facilitator, supplying an environment for self-generated research, understanding the societal and collaborative nature of acquisition, assisting kids concept cognition and initiate problem-based, project-oriented work. With this passage in functions and duties, Witfelt ( 2000 ) listed new in structor competences in constructivist contexts that include supervisor makings, protagonist and facilitator of pupils ‘ work, adviser and subject-matter expert, galvanizer and encourager, supreme authority at group treatments, critic in mobilising greater attempt when aims are non being met, and judge to better general larning capacities of pupils. Case Studies After analyzing the literature on engineering integrating and constructivist rules, a complementary relationship between engineering and acquisition within a constructivist model seems sound and advantageous to instructors and scholars. To exemplify these rules discretely, model instances are presented that reflect the doctrine established above. Teacher-trainees at Winthrop University in South Carolina undertook a meaningful technology-based activity to carry through literacy ends ( Richards, 1998 ) . They developed an electronic portfolio around a literacy-related subject, including informations, contemplations and critical responses, which they shared with their equals and other pedagogues. The extract of engineering was helped by implementing constructivist-based activities, such as coaction and cooperation in a group, prosecuting in job resolution and building possible solutions to social quandary, and pass oning the deeper processing of content and the critical development of literacy accomplishments and schemes ( Richards, 1998 ) . Student perceptual experiences were determined through formative and summational appraisal methods. Students responded positively toward achievement of concerted and collaborative acquisition, the engineering constituent maps and the relevancy of the activities to future callings in schools. However, they recommended that more clip be provided for treating thoughts and synthesising them in the portfolio. Research conducted at the Open University, U.K. besides demonstrated a positive relationship between constructivism and engineering integrating ( Walker, 2000 ) . A distance-learning class was developed maintaining in head the experiential and constructivist positions of larning. The intent was to assist pupils in a distance-learning class learn in better and more effectual ways, to be active scholars, building their ain apprehension. Assignments and appraisals were besides oriented towards constructivist ends. Their attempts culminated in a new paradigm of class development. A study of all the pupils who completed the class and took the scrutiny revealed that the bulk felt that they had improved their acquisition accomplishments to a considerable extent. A follow-up study was undertaken the undermentioned twelvemonth. These findings revealed a high proportion of positive responses to inquiries sing the continued usage of contemplation to better assignments, based on teachers ‘ feedback and rating standards. However, pupils were less positive about their usage of contemplation in general. These pupils like those described above ( Richards, 1998 ) struggled with maintaining and utilizing contemplation efficaciously. Students were non the lone donees of the mixture of constructivist schemes with engineering tools. Harmonizing to Richards ( 1998 ) and Walker ( 2000 ) , the development of class faculties based on constructivist patterns and the integrating of engineering were besides good to the module, as they had to be after and revise to incorporate engineering so that pupils could be helped to go more capable and mature scholars. Deductions for Practice These instances have important deductions for instructor pedagogues and instructors. In the country of instructor instruction, Kim and Sharp ( 2000 ) observed that the planning of instructors consistent with constructivist patterns was extremely variable with most preservice instructors cognizing really small about the effectual integrating of engineering in instruction. Since instructors tend to learn as they were taught, it is indispensable that both preservice and inservice instructors must be exposed to constructivist-based direction, which would so ease the development of learning schemes consistent with recent reform motions ( Kim A ; Sharp, 2000 ) . An exposure to constructivist learning methods and coincident multimedia acquisition experiences influenced the planning of constructivist behaviours and extract of engineering ( Kim A ; Sharp, 2000 ) . Technology may besides act upon teacher pattern to integrate constructivist rules. Rakes, Flowers, Casey and Santana ( 1999 ) study that as the sum of engineering available, the degree of engineering accomplishments of the instructors, and the usage of engineering increased, the usage of constructivist schemes in the schoolroom besides appeared to increase. â€Å" Technology can supply the vehicle for carry throughing constructivist instruction patterns † ( Rakes et al. , 1999, p. 3 ) . So, increasing the accomplishment degrees of instructors with respect to computing machines and supplying extra chances for instructors to incorporate engineering into lessons may promote the usage of constructivist behaviours. Availability, skill degree and usage may non, nevertheless, warrant purposeful usage of engineering nor constructivist rules. Rakes et Al. ( 1999 ) reported many instructors concentrated on the drill and pattern type of package, pretermiting basic computing machine accomplishments development, or dealt merely with presentation accomplishments and Internet resources. These research workers recommended concentrating on staff development and preparation in engineering usage and constructivist patterns that moved beyond literacy accomplishments to turn to more thoroughly application and curriculum integrating issues. When turn toing the function of the instructor in constructivist paradigms, there should be no misconstruing sing the importance of the instructor. Yet, many instructors feel uncomfortable with the deficiency of a chiseled content and the displacement of venue of control to the scholars ( Brush A ; Saye, 2000 ; Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996 ) . Making suited contexts is non simply supplying scholars with resources and allowing them discover things for themselves, but forming resources in such a manner to breed cognitive disagreements in the heads of the scholars, animating them to larn how to larn through a procedure of coaction and defendable apprehensions ( Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996 ) . As a facilitator of acquisition, the instructor is non ineffective and on the out of boundss. On the contrary, the instructor is free to utilize a assortment of constructivist schemes, such as coaching, mold, and scaffolding, to help each scholar ( Collins, Brown A ; Newman, 1990 ) . Scaffolding may include support from other persons and artefacts, every bit good as the cultural context and history that the scholars bring to the environment. Scaffolding, nevertheless, does non intend guiding and learning a scholar toward some chiseled end but back uping the growing of the scholar through cognitive and metacognitive activities ( Hannafin, Hill A ; Land, 1997 ) . Therefore, the instructor assumes the function of a manager and ensures common apprehension of the positions of the scholar. In utilizing collaborative and concerted groups, the instructor must be careful in guaranting that they are non merely schemes for acquisition, but means to advance dialogical interchange and reflexive ness ( Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996 ) . As Morrison, Lowther, and DeMeulle ( 1999 ) competently suggest, â€Å" Technology and a constructivist attack need non be at odds with each other. If we change our position of computing machines from simply a agencies to present direction to one of a tool to work out jobs, so the reform motion can act upon the usage of engineering, and engineering can act upon the reform of instruction † ( p. 5 ) . Decision Constructivist positions assert that acquisition is the active procedure of building instead than passively geting cognition, and direction is the procedure of back uping the cognition constructed by the scholars instead than the mere communicating of cognition ( Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996 ; Honebein, Duffy A ; Fishman, 1993 ; Jonassen, 1999 ; ) . Truth is determined by the viability of the scholars ‘ apprehension in the existent universe, where viability is culturally determined. The constructivist model seeks to understand multiple positions, and challenges the scholars ‘ thought ( Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996 ; Jonassen, Mayes A ; McAleese, 1993 ) . It examines the societal beginnings of buildings, whereby it acknowledges larning as a procedure of socialization. Therefore, the survey of societal and cultural procedures and artefacts becomes a cardinal issue. Context is a dynamic whole including the person and sociohistorical facets ( Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996 ; Eze ll A ; O’Keefe, 1994 ) . Thinking is ever dialogic, linking heads, either straight or indirectly. The indirect or semiotic agencies are the marks and tools appropriated from the sociocultural context ( Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996 ) . Within this displacement in focal point from the objectivist to the constructivist context sphere, engineering can play an built-in portion in the acquisition environment ( Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996 ) . â€Å" The profusion of the engineering permits us to supply a richer and more exciting ( entertaining ) larning environmentaˆÂ ¦ our concern is the new apprehensions and new capablenesss that are possible through the usage of engineering † ( Duffy A ; Cunningham, 1996, p. 187 ) . By incorporating engineering with constructivist methods, such as problem-based acquisition and project-based acquisition, scholars are more responsible for and active in the acquisition procedure ( Grant, 2002 ) . Additionally, mundane applications, such as word processors and spreadsheets, become powerful instruments for reliable acquisition. Constructivism offers flexibleness to instructors to individualise larning for each pupil while utilizing engineering tools to augment cognitive and me tacognitive procedures. Subscribers Aloka Nanjappa is presently a doctorial campaigner, Instructional Design and Technology, Department of Instructional Curriculum and Leadership, University of Memphis, Tennessee. She was Assistant Professor in a college of instruction, affiliated to the University of Bombay, India, learning Experimental Psychology, Educational Technology, and Methodology of learning Mathematicss. She has besides taught in the K-10 and undergraduate degree ( Zoology ) in India. Aloka was late awarded the Outstanding ID A ; T Graduate Student Award by the University of Memphis, Tennessee. Her research involvements lie in teacher instruction with a focal point on engineering integrating in the schoolroom. Michael M. Grant is an Assistant Professor at the University of Memphis in the Instructional Design and Technology plan within the teacher instruction section. His most recent research has focused on suiting single differences and constructionism. He has worked with both preservice and inservice instructors on incorporating engineering. How to cite Constructing On Constructivism The Role Of Technology Education Essay, Essay examples

Impact of IT on Healthcare Business and Need †Free Samples

Questions: 1.Does Healthcare Industry needs IT? 2.Why Information Technology is important for Business Survival? 3.What is required to apply IT in Healthcare Business? 4.How Information Technology is used in Healthcare? 5.How can Healthcare maintain and monitor IT? Answers: Introduction Healthcare Industry is not small and huge amount of information is available here whose proper management is very important. Various hospitals and healthcare institutions prefer IT as compare to conventional ways to manage everything. IT also provides various automated tools to perform healthcare operations and it is helpful for savings of cost and time. Besides this, there are also some essential impacts of IT on healthcare industry that enhancing its performance and growth (Asian Healthcare Management System, 2017). Discussion The main questions that are important to discuss here in this report are why healthcare industry needs IT, Why IT is important for survival and what are the basic requirements to implement IT in healthcare industry? 1. As we have already discussed above that various healthcare organizations are already switched to IT for getting outcomes from its business activities. From this information it is already cleared that there is requirement of IT in healthcare industry (SearchHealthIT, 2017). IT in healthcare industry is also known as Health IT (Ahrq.gov, 2017). According to analysis we got to know that basic need of IT in healthcare industry is to design, develop, create, maintain and use of information systems (Ortiz and Clancy, 2017). Information technology also provides help to enhance quality of healthcare that is why in countries like USA, UK, New Zealand, Australia etc. IT is used for handling healthcare activities in hospitals. The needs of saving cost, error reduction, efficient healthcare services for patients etc. can be fulfilled by using Information Technology. IT also supports remote communication with medical students to explore themselves in education and prescriptions can also give t o patients online via internet. Video conferencing, online messaging and calling and emails etc. are popular IT applications for remote calling. Through internet, it is possible for healthcare organization to get latest updates about healthcare industry that are happening worldwide, new research and information about treatments of critical disease. Due to these reasons, IT should be used in healthcare industry (IT et al., 2017). 2. Information Technology has become important for every business industry. In healthcare, Health IT is helpful for managing healthcare information, to provide better healthcare services to patients and sharing of information to others who need it. This can be done in secured and reliable way. In previous days, every healthcare activity was performed manually and it was a time consuming job. But this problem has resolved by Health IT. Following are some essential, benefits of Health IT that enhance its performance among people worldwide (B, 2017). By using Health IT accurate information can get about patients problem and this information can be used further by doctors to provide better treatment to them. This feature of Health IT reduces chances of mistakes in treatment of patients and family members of patient can also know that what has happened with patient and which treatment will be provided to him or her. The discussion about critical case can be done online with medical professionals or experts to get better suggestions to resolve problem. It will save time and efforts of healthcare professionals for providing better treatment to patients (Buntin et al., 2017). Information sharing is also possible by using Health IT. The important information about patients can be sent to its relatives and other doctors to take their suggestions is possible. It is very useful to tackle with emergency cases and effective decision can make on the behalf of available information (Krueger, 2017). By using advanced tools and techniques of Health IT, it has become also easier to diagnose critical health issues with less chances of errors at reasonable cost. 3. As we have discussed above benefits of Health IT for Healthcare industry. Therefore, it will be better to use Information Technology in Healthcare Industry, but before start usage of IT applications, the requirements of Health IT should be cleared to its users. In this segment we will emphasize on requirements of IT in Healthcare Business. The requirements of Health IT includes Cost, Planning, Hardware/Software components, planning, installation and training and designing (Aims Education, 2017). Cost Cost is an important requirement to apply IT in healthcare or any other business. The cost of IT applications is less as compare to conventional technologies. After analyzing we found that estimated budget to implement IT in Healthcare industry can be near about $80000 and even more. It basically depends upon size of hospital and its capacity for investing money in information technology (Chcf.org, 2017). Planning This is the most important step that should be taken into consideration before applying IT in healthcare business. Without planning, execution of any new technique in business industry causes big risk for users. In planning process, information about required tools and techniques should be collected and their analysis should be done. Besides this, software and hardware equipments, their specifications and cost should also be mentioned in planning report. The knowledge about best vendors and suppliers of these components is also important, otherwise healthcare information system will not work properly and will also produce inaccurate results (Seriousgamesforhealth.com, 2017). Designing Next important requirement of IT implementation is regarding designing of IT system that will be used in healthcare industry. The designing and development of healthcare system is responsibility of developers and they have to make design according to requirements of healthcare institutions. The design of system should be user-friendly, so that all employees in healthcare institution can work easily and in secure way. Software and Hardware Components To execute an information system appropriately there is requirement to use software and hardware components that have better quality. The software components of healthcare system will be operating system, memory, CPU and third party software etc. On another side, hardware components will be hard drive, network cards, monitor, chips etc. If requirement of software and hardware components will be fulfilled only then healthcare information system will work continuously. Training and Installation It is possible that in healthcare organization some people may have non-IT background and they have no knowledge about working with Healthcare Information System. In this case, proper training for those employees is necessary from system experts, so that they can perform at least basic functions of healthcare information system. Before start usage of healthcare information system, proper installation or configuration of every component is necessary and it is responsibility of technical department of healthcare institution. 4. Information Technology is used in Healthcare at both external and internal levels. At internal level, employees of healthcare organization use IT system for different purposes such as storing, accessing and sharing data to others who require it. The complete information about patient from his admission to discharge and payment information is recorded into system by staff members of healthcare institution. This information is stored in organized form into system that can be used by management, stakeholders and any other staff member of hospital. Externally, this information is stored by customers and suppliers of healthcare institutions. Customers can be relative of patients who want to get records of patient, his/her treatment status and billing information. They can easily get this information from enquiry department of healthcare institution (Layden, 2017). Besides this, medicine suppliers or other suppliers who serve hospital with its medical products and services, can use information system of healthcare institutions to know about its recent requirements for medical products. In this way, both at external and internal level, IT is useful in hospitals (Unc.edu, 2017). Benefits and advantages brought to Healthcare by IT From above discussion it is cleared that at large extent IT can help healthcare industry and can provide help in its growth. Here in this segment of report we will discuss about benefits and advantages of IT in healthcare (CCHIT, 2017). The advanced techniques and tools are introduced by IT in healthcare industry such as wearable device to measure the pulse and heartbeat of patients. It is better to improve efficiency of patients treatment. The ways of safety of healthcare are also improved by IT. Now treatments and remedies for small problems of patients can be done at home and patients can also concern with specialists online. IT services are inexpensive and safe medical extravagant of both patients and doctors. The visits of patients to doctor are decreased because they can talk them online through calls and messages. Use of HER i.e. Healthcare Electronic Records have reduced botheration of organizing huge amount of medical information about patients and other information regarding hospital. IT is considered the best way to reduce expenses of hospitals and increase their revenue (Aims Education, 2017). Risks of Implementing IT in Healthcare Whether there are some benefits of implementing IT in healthcare then on other side, there are also some risks involved that should be in noticed of every healthcare organization. These risk factors are related to maintenance of security and privacy of data that is stored into information system. Unauthorized access of information by unauthorized person, misuse of information and virus attack ion information system can be encountered by healthcare organizations. These activities are performed by hackers and after accessing this information they can misuse this information. Malware and denial of service attacks have encountered by some healthcare organizations that are using Health IT. The reason behind these risks can be improper maintenance of security of information system and network to whom it is connected. These risk factors should be controlled by technical department of healthcare organizations properly to get better outcomes (Getreferralmd.com. 2017). 5. It is an important to maintain and monitor Information Technology by Healthcare Industry and to achieve this, advanced security tools should be used. These tools will be helpful to maintain security of system and will scan whole system to detect hidden viruses or bugs. The use of Anti-virus, firewall and cryptography techniques will be effective for maintaining IT system for long time. By using these tools, the protection of data can be maintained from unauthorized users. Therefore, technical department of healthcare organization should aware employees to use these tools properly. Conclusion After this whole discussion we can say that Information Technology has changed the way of working of healthcare industry. Now every healthcare activity can be performed in more reliable and secure way. From management of information to other healthcare operations can be performed by IT. So it will be beneficial for healthcare industry to use IT. But challenges and issues of using IT should be in knowledge of users and they should use all tools and techniques that are required to control IT problems. It will put positive impact on healthcare organization. References Asian Healthcare Management System. (2017). Role of Information Technology in Medical Science. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.asianhhm.com/articles/role-information-technology-medical-sciences Ahrq.gov. (2017). Health Information Technology Integration | Agency for Healthcare Research Quality. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/prevention-chronic-care/improve/health-it/index.html Aims Education. (2017). What Are the Real Benefits of Technology in Healthcare? Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.aimseducation.edu/blog/benefits-of-technology-in-healthcare/ B, G. (2017). Information technology and today's health care management. - PubMed - NCBI. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10122865 Buntin, M., Burke, M., Hoaglin, M. and Blumenthal, D. (2017). The Benefits Of Health Information Technology: A Review Of The Recent Literature Shows Predominantly Positive Results. CCHIT. (2017). Benefits of Healthcare Information Technology | CCHIT. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.cchit.org/benefits-of-healthcare-information-technology/ Chcf.org. (2017). Measuring the Costs and Benefits of Health Care Information Technology: Six Case Studies. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.chcf.org/publications/2004/09/measuring-the-costs-and-benefits-of-health-care-information-technology-six-case-studies Getreferralmd.com. (2017). 5 Unique Benefits of Working in Healthcare. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://getreferralmd.com/2016/07/5-unique-benefits-of-working-in-healthcare/ Healthit.ahrq.gov. (2017). Health IT Costs and Benefits Database | AHRQ National Resource Center; Health Information Technology: Best Practices Transforming Quality, Safety, and Efficiency. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://healthit.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database Health, D., Reform. (2017). 6 Big Benefits of Applying Automation to Healthcare. Hitconsultant.net. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://hitconsultant.net/2014/07/21/6-big-benefits-of-applying-automation-to-healthcare/ Krueger, A. (2017). 6 Ways Technology Is Improving Healthcare. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.businessinsider.com/6-ways-technology-is-improving-healthcare-2010-12?IR=T Layden, L., Layden, L. and profile, V. (2017). Health Information Technology Advantages and Disadvantages. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://lindseylayden.blogspot.in/2011/03/health-information-technology.html Ortiz, E. and Clancy, C. (2017). Use of Information Technology to Improve the Quality of Health Care in the United States. SearchHealthIT. (2017). What is Health IT (health information technology)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://searchhealthit.techtarget.com/definition/Health-IT-information-technology Seriousgamesforhealth.com. (2017). The Main Benefits of Using ICT in the Health Care Field | Serious Games For Health. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.seriousgamesforhealth.com/en/the-main-benefits-of-using-ict-in-the-health-care-field/#undefined Unc.edu. (2017). Benefits of Computer Use in Health Care Systems. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.unc.edu/~kmonsalv/comp101/project1/

Totalitarian Government Essays - Social Science Fiction,

Totalitarian Government "Those who would trade their liberties for a little safety deserve neither liberty nor safety". That quote by Benjamin Franklin described mindset that leads to totalitarian government. The British novelist, George Orwell is known for his chilling governmental satire. Animal Farm, his other well-known novel is a look into the past, his novel 1984 was a eerie prophecy into the not so distant future. This view of a negative Utopia has become so well known that people who believe in his theory are called Orwellian. But do we exist in a manner similar to the prophecy of the world in which he claimed to be what life would be like in 1984? The answer is No, but in just a few years we could. Ironically one of the greatest differences in our society and the society of Orwell, is that in 1984, the gene which leads to sex has been suppressed. For In our society promiscuity and suggestiveness have gotten maybe not more common but certainly more public. When Orwell published 1984, this seemed to be a logical conclusion that such an event might happen. For in the Post- World War II, generation sex was expressly hidden. For example on television the Rock musician Elvis Presley was not shown below the hips because it was considered far too suggestive. In this aspect Our Society more resembles the other most famous novel of a negative utopia, Aldous Huxley's Brave New World. However we do share some similarities. Part of the power base in 1984 has its power exclusively through the deception of the people. Winston for example accepts the"fact" that two plus two does in fact equal five. As we know, two plus two equals four. The most important way in which we can prevent turnining into an Orwellian society is to not be able to be misled. To prevent the society of which we live from becoming Orwellian we must stave off apathy. For it is a slippery slope and if we take the first step down it we could live in an Orwellian totalitarian state. Closing, we do not as of today live in the society, which Orwell predicted. We still maintain a level of personal freedom in the United States greater than that described in 1984. However other nations of this world, the Peoples Republic of China comes to mind, where they live in a semi-Orwellian world. Even though we tend to say "it can't happen here", it can. That's what they would have said in Germany in the twenties or Russia in the Pre-World War One era. It can happen here and it shall if we do not remember the lesson of the American President Thomas Jefferson "The Price of liberty is Eternal Vigilance".

Micheal Phelpss Commercial Essays

Micheal Phelpss Commercial Essays Micheal Phelpss Commercial Essay Micheal Phelpss Commercial Essay Many companies, nowadays, used many different Ideas to sell and make business. Some companies accomplished their goals by using mass media to advertised commercial and some failed to accomplished their goals because their advertisements was not attractive enough. As for Subways commercial, they used an athlete, Michael Phelps, to build up their product and business. The commercial was well delivered on community false causes, appeal to emotion, and bandwagon because the establishment in the commercial influenced people who suspected and loved to be like Michael Phelps wanted to buy Subways products. Michael Phelps Subway commercial expressed community false causes, because they know what they were supposed to state and what would made people who buy their product believe in it. For example, In the commercial they said that to be like Michael Phelps, people have to eat Subway. In the commercial they had Phelps swim In the pool. As In this commercial they used Michael Phelps as ethos, since he Is a well-known athletic and very popular. That would helped Subway made ore customers and business. Moreover, the advertisement used a strong vocal In which it gave the viewers supports and hopes. For example, a strong voice that the audience can connected to or felt it mentally without saying a phrase to them like you can be something you wanted to be by eating Subway! or you can be like your idol if you eat Subway! Subway did a great Job on their commercial on given a false cause that made people think that it might be true and wanted to engage deeply with it. In addition, Subway made the commercial as an appeal to emotion because they dad the advertisement targeted on the parents. The commercial targeted the parent by saying that if they wanted to be a good parent, they have to buy their kids Subway. The commercial used Michael Phelps mother as a good parent who loved and made her kids being success by eating at Subway. That showed pathos because It made the parents felt bad and wanted to buy their kids subway. As a result, Subway made its commercial targeted the parents which was a very successful idea, because every parent wanted their kids to be successful like Michael Phelps. The immemorial also showed a bandwagon fallacy, because Michael Phelps stated that eating Subway has athlete everywhere. By stating athlete everywhere created a bandwagon fallacy because the commercial appealed to popularity and used the show as a form of validation. Also, that would affect athletes or viewer who were in the same field like Phelps. On the other hand, they were smart because they knew what they had stated were considered a fallacy but they still put it in a form of validation. In that case, things seemed like they were true and very influential. Furthermore, they played on a dynamic music when Phelps was swimming. The dramatic music would motivate the viewers when they watched the commercial, Decease It would make teen Tell Like teen were apart It t T . I mace ten announce Tell like they were in a competitive game or the champion of the year competition. In addition, they made extra sound effect in the background where the water splashed very hard, which expressed that eating Subway will make the viewers as strong and fast as Michael Phelps. At the end of the commercial they officially showed the antacid and gave information about the size of it. For example, the man said, Its a five foot long and that showed logos, because it stated the number or size of the sandwiches to the audience. Also, he told what kind of ingredients were in the sandwiches such as bacon, turkey, avocado, and extra Jalapeà ±o. They included the Phelps family in the advertisement and reported that, Subway is the official training of the Phelps family. The last background was made blue and a timing machine, which mean they wanted the audience to see that they can beat the time by eating Subway. Correspondingly, they wanted the people who watch the commercial to pay more attention to the Phelps family and the message they were giving out. Inventing a business is not simple but by using many techniques such as community false causes, appeal to emotion, and bandwagon, would attract more customers. Together with, they used pathos, ethos, and logos as the key for the companys commercials. Michael Phelps commercial made a good influence on athletes. Subway made the commercial expressed how healthy the sandwiches were and how strong people would be if they ate Subway like Michael Phelps.

A Raisin In The Sun and Sonny’s Blues

A Raisin In The Sun and Sonnys Blues A Raisin in the Sun, authored by Lorraine Hansberry and Sonny’s Blues, authored by James Baldwin are two masterpieces that have an array of comparisons and contrasts. Lorraine Hansberry’s play is a depiction of an African American family, the Youngers living in a racially segregated neighborhood. Although the family lives together, conflicts arise on what to do with the $10000 insurance policy money paid after the death of the Mama’s husband. Each member has different aspirations and the story focuses on how the family uses the money and integrates their individual dreams to fit the family. On the other hand, Sonny’s Blues is a depiction of the struggles two brothers face in segregated Harlem. It is about Sonny and his brother the narrator, both who are living separate lives after the death of their parents. After the narrator loses his daughter to Polio, he remembers the promise he made to his mother of taking care of Sonny and he decides to try to fulfi ll this promise and try to get Sonny back to normal life after drugs nearly destroy him. Each story depicts the lives of African American families in a time of racial injustice. Both families encounter obstacles during their quest to move forward to find happiness. In her journal, Lipari points out that the setting of A Raisin in the Sun, was at a time when the â€Å"fundamental structures of political, social and economic oppression of African Amewricans were in the foreground of public life† (Lipari, 97). This journal points out that during this period African American families’ encountered obstacle in economic, social and political in trying to make it in life and finding happiness. Likewise, Martinez comment regarding racism in Sonny’s Blues is a phenomenon having â€Å"festered and thrived in American unconscious psyche while it has been and continues to be acted out in myriad forms of injustice in the society† (Martinez, 1). This clearly illustrates that families in Harlem faced numerous challenges especially with the issue of racial segregation and injustice. He points out that Baldwin â€Å"claims that the narrator’s and Sonny’s lives are representative of the collective suffering of racism experienced by young black males growing up in the Harlem of mid-twentieth-century America† (Martinez, 2). In both stories, a common theme that stands out is that of racial segregation and injustices. In Hansberry’s story, racial segregation reveals its ugly head when Mr. Linder attempts to persuade the Younger family from moving to their new home, mostly inhabited by whites. He even attempts to pay them off to keep them from moving in the mostly white neighborhood. This action is nearly successful since Walter is willing to accept the bribe but Mama stands her ground and at last thy move to their new home. Likewise, in Sonny’s blues, racial issues and injustices are prevalent in the community and the au thor effectively uses recurring images of darkness to bring to light these themes. Sonny and his brother lived in a predominantly black neighborhood and even their father gave up trying to move them away from Harlem, â€Å"Safe! My father grunted, whenever Mama suggested trying to move to a neighborhood which might be safer for children† (Feinstein and Rife, 26). The narrator who is a teacher also illustrates how racial issues and segregation were part of Harlem by describing the students he taught, â€Å"All they really knew were two darknesses, the darkness of their lives, which was now closing in on them and the darkness of movies which had blinded them to that other darkness† (Feinstein and Rife, 26). Both stories highlight the hopelessness that existed in these racially segregated neighborhoods in both stories where whites had opportunities in contrast to blacks who had to endure difficult situations.

Soya-bean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Soya-bean - Essay Example However, now doubts have been raised by scientists, doctors and nutritionists that soy is not that healthy after all and that soy poses special health risk A very interesting account of the historical travel of the soy plant in the Western world has been documented by Hymowitz (1990). While his idea that the soy plant was a saviour, or manna from heaven itself, for many people can be and is subjected to much debate, the historical account of the origin of the plant is well worth a read. Soya bean is a gift to the new world from the ancient oriental (Chinese , Japanese civilization). Before we take up the issue of the actual debate of the nutrient value and the positive and negative effects of this miracle plant, it would be worthwhile to have a brief glimpse into the origin and historical path travelled by it. Recorded history traces of its origin dates back to 2838 BC in China and to 6th century in Japan. Ibn Europe the records show an introduction of the plant as late as the 17th century , with America eventually catching up. Nonetheless, the USA produces one-third of the world's supply and indeed has seen a rise in the actual sales of soy product by nearly 3 times in the past decade. Like most legumes and beans, soy bean... Interestingly they also contain a high proportion of fat, however since this is mostly unsaturated fat, the effects of such lipid forms are mostly beneficial for an individual. However it is important to address that this nutrient content profile is applicable to Whole Foods and not Supplements. Much of the research to date has examined dietary soy in the form of whole foods such as tofu, "soymilk," or as soy protein added to foods, and the public health community mostly concurs that these whole foods can be worthwhile additions to a healthy diet. The recently raised concerns, however, focus on specific components of soy, such as the soy isoflavones daidzein and genistein, not the whole food or intact soy protein. In this respct we need to understand the nutrient content of soy been at the micronutrient level. This is also important since there has been an increase in chemicals, available over the counter in pills and powders, which are both, advertised and marketed as dietary supplements for use by women to help lessen menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes. While it may be possible that soy bean, in whole food has some efficacy for improving a lot of diseased condition, it is imperative to understand that teasing out individual chemicals would not be a good practice. This problem has been very accurately summarised by Wood; "There are probably hundreds of protective compounds in soy [foods]. It's just too big a leap to assume that a pill could do the same thing" (Woods, 2000). The need to exercise caution hence is clear and care must be taken in hailing soy as the food that can do only good. Nonetheless, there is much effect in the literature which supports the increased prevalence of soy bean as a health food. C Soybean as Food While not every form

Civil War in Lebanon PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Civil War in Lebanon - PowerPoint Presentation Example The aggravation of Arab-Israeli conflict after Six-day war (1967) and the proscription of PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) from Jordan in 1970, the weakness of the Lebanese government in the conditions of the sharp intercommoned conflict, which periodically resulted in civil war, let the UNO turn Southern Lebanon into the base for its actions against Israel (Bregman, 2002: 40). Active assistance of the number of Arabian countries, first of all of Syria, let turn Southern Lebanon in operational and training base for separate fighters and the organizations from other countries, which were recognized by some states as terrorist. The territory, bordering to Northern border of Israel, was fully controlled by PLO and even get the name â€Å"Farahland†. PLO was accused by the government of Lebanon in destruction of the country. Palestinian fighters penetrated the territory of Israel through the territory of Lebanon. Israel recognized the actions of PLO as terrorist acts and attacked the territory of Lebanon in response. Thus, the government of Lebanon appeared in a very difficult situation (Bregman, A and El-Tahri, 1998: 38). Palestinian fighters organized â€Å"a state in a state† where Lebanon’s laws were not in force. Palestinian camps and settlements turned into the site of criminality and terrorism. The population of the South of Lebanon suffered from the crimes of Palestinians, primarily Christians –Maronites and Muslims- Shiites. Muslims decided to use a great number of armed Palestinians to change the governmental system of the country for the benefit of Muslims. Such plans would inevitably limit the rights of the Christians on the territory. The army of Lebanon was traditionally weak, thus the Christians of Lebanon started organizing their own self-defense groups, which often had fights with Palestinian forces. Other religious communities and parties also created their own groups, some of which

On Prejudice Essay Example for Free

On Prejudice Essay The word bigot is a powerful word. It is a word that many feel to be of the utmost offense, and yet, by definition, it is a person obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his or her own opinions and prejudices. With this in mind, and human natures impeccable ability to draw stereotypes for every type of person, cant we all be considered bigots? In Bill Cosbys short satire, On Prejudice, this issue is concisely addressed and brought to its knees through his use of sarcasm, and an ability to corner any stereotype by just simply bringing it to a clear, succinct truth. While many balked at the idea of racial prejudice and stereotypes during the 1970s, Cosby approached it with honesty and candor. His use of vulgar words, diffident body language, belittling tone, and biting disparagement allowed Cosby to effectively show societys lack of understanding and appreciation for the worlds racial diversity. In a time when prejudice was beginning to cower in the shadows as a product of the civil rights movement, Cosby recognized that while law had forbid discrimination, it still very much existed in our culture and society. On Prejudice was his way of addressing this delicate issue. The 1970s followed a decade of success among the civil rights movement; however, this success caused many to withdraw from still recognizing it as a problem. While discrimination was pronounced unlawful, Cosby addressed a different kind of prejudice; A prejudice that was subconscious and mendacious. On Prejudice opens with a wide shot of Cosby sitting on a stool beneath a single spotlight. The music is a single violin, playing a single chord. Cosby is smoking a cigar and slouched over the stool. The use of lighting and music is very effective in that it truly adds to the solitude of Cosbys ridicule. It is a keen way that he uses to single out prejudice, and it is very effective in that it gives a sense that bigotry is a lonely place to be. His body language and subtle movements give the audience a sense of distance and that the person they are watching is very closed off. Cosby then begins to speak. At first notice he employs a feeling of simple impersonation and innocent humor. However, after listening, one begins to realize that his impersonation goes much deeper. Secondary thoughts begin to surface and innocent humor turns into harsh ridicule and mockery. He speaks on old people, children, Jews, Irish, African Americans (which he refers to as niggers), and Italians. Each group is addressed as the scum of the earth. He takes stereotypes and prejudices and gives them a voice. His phrases and word usage have a bold honesty to them. He consistently speaks of making groups just go away. But he abstains from his harsh comments by repeating that they would not have to leave by blood shed. This effectively adds to the arrogance of his character and truly reveals the power of satire. Another action he consistently refers to is spitting on certain groups. He sets up why he dislikes each group. Then, whether it is the drunken Irish, Italian criminals, or slow old people, he then follows with stating that if he were to see these groups he would just spit on them. This is reintroduced over and over again to remind the audience that they are dealing with an obnoxious person. This technique also reinforces the arrogance of his character in that it shows that he lacks the will to come up with intelligent solutions or justification for his actions. With these in mind, Cosbys most effective technique is his ability to grab the audiences attention through satirical disdain. Cosby makes it incredibly easy to fall into a trap where one can be lured into relating to his judgments and stereotypes. He makes his audience laugh and connect with his opinions. But just when the audience begins to feel comfortable, Cosby reveals that he is a bigot. This sense of comfort and correlation quickly turns to scorn. He reveals how shameful it is to stereotype. All while staying in character and reinforcing the arrogance of society. He makes his audience feel as if they were no better than the man whose solution is to just get rid of ? em. He makes his audience feel that they are no better than a man whos so hateful that he would spit on other people. It is an ultimate sense of embarrassment. Putting these techniques to use gives one a sense of truth and yet shame at the same time. By addressing the most common forms of stereotypes and racial discrimination, He allows his audience to stop and not only reflect on how wrong it is to racially profile, but to also allow his audience to consider the judgments they themselves may have passed on certain groups prior. Cosbys impersonation ultimately embodies that of social unjust as a whole. Because of his honest and impudent characterization, he allows for no gray areas of discussion. His parody of a bigot properly makes each and every person feel like a bigot.

Michael Porters Analysis Of Starbucks Essay -- essays research papers

Michael Porter, a Harvard Professor introduces his ideology of the Five Forces model that shapes the competition in the industry. Each force is interrelated and therefore leads into the other to show the elements directly involved in the further success or ultimate success of the firm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Starbucks Coffee Co. throughout its existence since 1971, with its great management team, innovative style of thinking and strong will to succeed in compliance with its mission and vision statements has and continues to overcome its barriers by recognizing such strategic planning as those included in Porter’s five forces model. The model includes such components as Barriers to Entry, Supplier and Buyer Power, Threat of Substitutions, and most importantly the Industry Competitors. Starbucks throughout its existence has addressed each and every one of Porters forces with a positive edge that has greatly contributed to the success of the company. Starbucks took many risks and spent capital that it really did not have. To build a corporation based on intuition and a trip to Italy has undoubtedly paid off in the long run which is evident throughout the year that Starbucks has been in operation. Howard Schultz, CEO and founder of the company, has stuck to his con viction not to â€Å"sacrifice long-term integrity and values for short-term profit.† He knew if he played his cards right and stuck to his guns it would only be a matter of time that Starbucks would become the world largest coffee industry in the world. He wanted the company to become and international outlet for coffee consumers which not only included men and woman but also addresses the needs and wants of those of all ages and nationalities, children, students and any other category of people that have and interest in Starbucks diverse product line. With constant dedication to the company’s vision and mission statement and believing in the value of market share and name recognition and how critical they are to the success of the company, he was able to achieve his goal within a few years. During this time of course he has been able to open a total of 1,100 stores and continues to do so until this day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Starbucks Coffee Co. continues to address the issues introduced in Porter’s Five-Force Model as such:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Entrants (Barriers to Entry i... ...mployees). Starbucks also only acquires companies that comply with the ethical beliefs and standards set forth by the company because it is believed that this is the only way a company merger can survive or be successful in the long-term. When a foreign company does not comply with the standards set forth by them, Starbucks reacts instantaneously. An example of such an instance was in 1995 when they reacted to the neglectful treatment of the workers in Guatemala who were earning less than $3.00 a day, by enforcing a code of minimal working conditions and pay for foreign subcontractors. The company’s guidelines call for overseas suppliers to pay wages and benefits that â€Å"address the basic needs of workers and their families† and to only allow child labor when it does not interrupt required education (58-11).† Starbucks can be considered a trendsetter not only in products but also in the area of work ethics by sticking to its mission of the company and apply ing it whether working domestic or foreign. Starbucks is socially responsible and responsive to not only the issues affecting the company and the employees but also to that of the community through which they are able to exist. Michael Porters Analysis Of Starbucks Essay -- essays research papers Michael Porter, a Harvard Professor introduces his ideology of the Five Forces model that shapes the competition in the industry. Each force is interrelated and therefore leads into the other to show the elements directly involved in the further success or ultimate success of the firm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Starbucks Coffee Co. throughout its existence since 1971, with its great management team, innovative style of thinking and strong will to succeed in compliance with its mission and vision statements has and continues to overcome its barriers by recognizing such strategic planning as those included in Porter’s five forces model. The model includes such components as Barriers to Entry, Supplier and Buyer Power, Threat of Substitutions, and most importantly the Industry Competitors. Starbucks throughout its existence has addressed each and every one of Porters forces with a positive edge that has greatly contributed to the success of the company. Starbucks took many risks and spent capital that it really did not have. To build a corporation based on intuition and a trip to Italy has undoubtedly paid off in the long run which is evident throughout the year that Starbucks has been in operation. Howard Schultz, CEO and founder of the company, has stuck to his con viction not to â€Å"sacrifice long-term integrity and values for short-term profit.† He knew if he played his cards right and stuck to his guns it would only be a matter of time that Starbucks would become the world largest coffee industry in the world. He wanted the company to become and international outlet for coffee consumers which not only included men and woman but also addresses the needs and wants of those of all ages and nationalities, children, students and any other category of people that have and interest in Starbucks diverse product line. With constant dedication to the company’s vision and mission statement and believing in the value of market share and name recognition and how critical they are to the success of the company, he was able to achieve his goal within a few years. During this time of course he has been able to open a total of 1,100 stores and continues to do so until this day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Starbucks Coffee Co. continues to address the issues introduced in Porter’s Five-Force Model as such:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Entrants (Barriers to Entry i... ...mployees). Starbucks also only acquires companies that comply with the ethical beliefs and standards set forth by the company because it is believed that this is the only way a company merger can survive or be successful in the long-term. When a foreign company does not comply with the standards set forth by them, Starbucks reacts instantaneously. An example of such an instance was in 1995 when they reacted to the neglectful treatment of the workers in Guatemala who were earning less than $3.00 a day, by enforcing a code of minimal working conditions and pay for foreign subcontractors. The company’s guidelines call for overseas suppliers to pay wages and benefits that â€Å"address the basic needs of workers and their families† and to only allow child labor when it does not interrupt required education (58-11).† Starbucks can be considered a trendsetter not only in products but also in the area of work ethics by sticking to its mission of the company and apply ing it whether working domestic or foreign. Starbucks is socially responsible and responsive to not only the issues affecting the company and the employees but also to that of the community through which they are able to exist.

Cats

I have read and understood The University of Sydney Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism in Coursework Policy 2012 . I understand that failure to comply with the Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism in Coursework Policy can lead to the University commencing proceedings against me for potential student misconduct under Chapter 8 of the University of Sydney By-Law 1999 (as amended). 4. This work is substantially my own, and to the extent that any part of this work is not my own I have indicated that it is not my own by acknowledging the source of that part or those parts of the work. . The assessment has not been submitted previously for assessment in this or any other unit, or another institution. . I acknowledge that the assessor of this assignment may, for the purpose of assessing this assignment may: Reproduce this assignment and provide a copy to another member of the Faculty of Health Sciences; and/or Use similarity detection software (which may then retain a copy of the assignment o n its database for the purpose of future plagiarism checking). 7. I have retained a duplicate copy of the assignment.Please type in your name here to acknowledge this declaration: Coherence Luau Now proceed to page 2 to begin your assignment. This template will become your assignment file. OFFICE USE ONLY Question 1: Positivistic Theory (Biological and Psychological Theory) The positivist approach to criminality introduced the idea of empirically researching crime to understand the causes of criminality, and thus the solutions to solving it. Positivism is based in logic, and is the philosophy that combined epistemological phenomena with science (Blackmore, 1972).The theory assumes that criminals are fundamentally different from non-criminals; either biologically (Limbos), psychologically (Freud), social (Park, Druthers) or in some combination of them all, ND thus aim to classify people according to these differences (Boom, 2010). The approach ultimately replaced the ‘rational man' with the ‘criminal type' (Killing, 1997). The period of Enlightenment in the 18th century enforced human progression, and as such, saw Positivism gain popularity.It was a move from abstract reasoning to rationalism, from superstition to science, with the emergence of intellectuals with philosophies to understand and improve the world (Porter, 2001). Since this time, the positivist approach has guided policymaking throughout the criminal Justice system. Positivism focused on specifically tailored treatment to fit the needs of offenders' (Treadwell, 2006). Positivists dismiss any form of evidence that does not have an empirical basis, such as religion, magic, philosophy and tradition (Blackmore, 1972).Those that cannot be objectively experienced are rejected, in so that positivists can explain criminal behavior through that which can only be observed or measured (Boom, 2010). Biological positivists look at observables such as anatomical abnormalities, identifiable genetic o f gene patterns, and bodily actions where as psychological positivists will look at biological observables, but will add behavioral factors, for instance, child rearing practices and brain abnormalities that causes identifiable behavior outcomes.Positivism views criminals as certain kinds of human beings who are governed by natural phenomena, which have been set in place by an external factor that is out of their control. It follows that criminals do not make decisions regarding their criminal behavior, and thus, the abstract view of humans being rational were discarded. Biological theories sought to determine a biological defect inside individuals that caused a predisposition towards criminal behavior.Limbos was one of the most influential early biological thinkers and positivist theorists, and was influenced by phrenology in his theory. Phrenology is the concept that the shape of your skull defines your character. Through his studies, Limbos identified ‘born criminals' to be dangerous ‘evolutionary throwbacks' (Limbos, 2006). He identified physical features of criminals, which supported this notion, as they echoed biological features of an ape. Among others, Limbos classified several criminal characteristics through studying cadavers of executed criminals.Features such as smaller and more deformed skulls, canine teeth, protruding ears, excessive hairiness and unusually long arms were said to be common features in criminals (Limbos, 2006). Generally, biological positivists search for biological causes generally in genetic inheritance. The chromosome pairing of an ordinary female is XX, and for a male, XX. However, there are naturally occurring variations, for example the pairing EX. of chromosomes, known as the Skillfulness's Syndrome (Taylor, Walton and Young, 1973).This theory claimed that people with an extra X chromosome were more likely to omit crimes and could be identified by their biological and physical features, such as lacking facial ai r, round bodies and were frequently infertile. However, further investigation into this theory showed that abnormal people containing an extra Y chromosome showed signs of slight mental deficiency. On this assumption, Price undertook chromosome counts on all available male patients in a special security institution in Scotland and found that X† males tended to be severe psychopaths.The extra Y chromosome, therefore, appeared to be positively linked to increased eight and psychopaths. In essence, biological positivists were attempting to be able to identify criminals by looking at them. Psychological positivism focuses on aggression, psychopathology and violence when studying crime (Storefront, 1990). It is based in the field of psychometrics that seeks to measure psychological and mental differences between criminals and non- criminals.One of the most famous theories in this field is Sigmund Freud†s theory of the structures of the mind, used to explain the influence of t he unconscious over conscious thoughts, feelings, and behavior. The theory divides itself into the unconscious id, the ego, and the superego (Martin, 2007). Further, Wilson and Hermiston's personality study and crime concluded that crime is a rational act of defective personality (Treadwell, 2006). Furthermore, psychologically based theories in criminology have focused on deficient cognitions as causes of crimes.Hostels and Sameness (2004) extended this notion by their study of male offenders from a variety of backgrounds, which were divided into an experimental group and compared to a control group of ‘normal' convicted prisoners. The two theorists legged that a common factor in shaping the thinking pattern of criminals was denial of responsibility. They concluded that these thinking errors were an aspect of criminal thinking patterns, and developed a cognitive treatment programmer to ‘cure' these errors.Druthers held the belief that societies are external to the indivi duals who compose them (Schemas, 1994), and from this, formulated his notion of a social fact. A social fact is every way of acting, fixed or not, capable of exercising on the individual an external constraint; or again, every way of acting which is general wrought a given society, while at the same time existing in its own right independent of its individual manifestations. Druthers was the pioneer of early positivist Social Research with his famous study of suicide.This was so others would be able to develop evidence for ideas on human behavior rather than unsubstantiated theories. The use of positivism in criminology aims to identify the problem and treat it, and thus control crime and criminality. In more modern times, Rained conducted a study in 1998 on the brains of murderers as compared to a control group using PET scans. In the case of those who committed impulsive murders, Rained concluded that the emotional impulsive murderers are less able to regulate and control aggressi ve impulses generated from subtropical structures due to deficient preferential regulation† (Rafter, 2008).Despite conclusions drawn from the movement in criminology, it was claimed that Very little of contemporary psychology can be described as positivistic' (McGuire, 2004) as it is not directly observable, and thus to associate it with Positivism is fallacious. Theorists such as Boom criticized Positivism for its flawed belief in roommate consensus (Boom, 2010), as well as Reid, who believed that positivism was a dualistic fallacy (Reid, 1982).As the approach advocates two distinct groups of criminals and non-criminals whom are influenced by biological, psychological and social factors, other elements such as ones culture was dismissed in the theory. In regards to the positivist approach to Skillfulness's Syndrome, it was found out through further research that criminals had normal chromosomes and that non-criminals also had abnormal chromosomes, thus disproving the black an d white division of Iranians being the only people with irregular genetic material.Nonetheless, the Positivist movement has played a vital role in shaping the criminal Justice system. Regardless of its ignorant faults in its biomedical and psychological aspects, the approach has influenced Western criminal codes and has impacted the modifications made of the classical model. Rushers, a modern day psychologist, bases his research on the Positivist theory. His book, â€Å"Race, Evolution and Behavior† (1995) attempts to show that East Asian people and their descendants average a larger brain size, greater intelligence, and slower rates of maturation than o Europeans and their descendants.The contributions of the positivist school have combined with the classical theory of criminology to shape the contemporary criminal Justice system. The punishment of a criminal must fit the crime (Siegel, 2010), as in reality, victims and perpetrators are often the same people, Just swapping r oles in different situations† (Maguire, 1996). Positivism was formulated on the intention of obtaining facts about human behavior, but as human existence is a complex and volatile phenomenon, any attempt to classify it in black and white falls short.Aiming to obtain objective fact is important in influencing criminal legislations, and can offer solutions to committed crimes. However, relying solely on objectivity is impossible, and subjectivity must be accepted as an inherent part of human nature as any claim of pure objectivity is simply fictitious (Reid, 1982).

Oral Presentation-Washing Vehicle

Hello everyone !! , sulfanilamide n good afternoon to my handsome n beauty customers.. Are u k today Yeah that's good .. First of all?all of u bring motorcycle at polio right ?†¦ So ,that is the reasons why we at here.. L Abdul Hake n this my partner Sit Wadding from Clearer Sad Bad at IIOP , to promote our service is washing motorcycle at this polio. So,I give to my partner to more explaining about our service.This is our business card that have our name Mr. Abdul Hake n I Sit wadding,our intact number 014-2345678 n 012-1122233,our backbone account ,email n bloodspot cellular†¦ So, I want to show to u all our timetable for this service. The reasons why we making the timetable because we also the student at politeness nuke Omar. We must manage time wisely for study n this service. OK,go to the timetable,for on Monday,Tuesday and Wednesday ,customers must go to our place at night only because a day we have a class.. On Thursday,we not working.On Friday,the same time n Monda y,Tuesday n Wednesday but we have to go to customer's house. Is the same meaning house to house. On Saturday also,the same what we do previously but a day n night only. Lastly,on Sunday we rest from 1 pm to 2. Pm. So,' give to my partner to explain about our statistic. HI, I can explain for the statistic,from the timetable n what we do can conclude that 90% customer is come to wash a motorcycle. 4% for who use a car. 5% who comes to our company to washing their vehicle and 1% for who bring bicycle to our company. My conclusion, many customers is who use motorcycles because many student bring motorcycle to politeness and we wash house to house.Other than that, student to avoid from traffic Jam. So,that is the reason many our customers wash motorcycle from other. I want asking to all my lovely customer,why u must choose us Because first, we provide a free Wife for 2-3 customers who comes washing to our company. Second ,we go to customer's house. And lastly ,for the price we so cheap n reasonable. Eve to my partner to explain about our target. So, for our target of course student polio but lecturer is also can and other people in IIOP . That's all Handsome n beauty customers, listen up please!! We have some surprise for all,for upgrade our company we do a new services. The service is housekeeping from house to house. So, support our company. Thank you for lending your eyes n ears. N I sit wadding n this my partner Abdul hake. Our tagging is you like, we work hard again. Oral Presentation-Washing Vehicle By Newspaperwoman

Sports Massage essays

Sports Massage essays How ya holdin up, kid? The old man in a pit-stained wife beater with his right cheek pressed close against his prized fighter whispers more words of encouragement as his hands knead into the fighters shoulders and as they both stare across the ring at the powerhouse pugilist that has already done so much damage. Keep on him-youre doing great, Rocky. In this classic moment from Rocky, the cinematic fervor is at a boiling point. The bout of bouts between the underdog, Rocky, and the Ali-esque punching prodigy, Apollo, is in full swing, with the above exchange being a brief respite from the mounting four corner action. In the world of celluloid, this breather from the gloved gala serves as a much needed mental boost for Rocky whos getting the rough end of the wallop stick. However in the world of sports massage, old Mickey , by kneading Rockys shoulders and back during his little pep talk is performing an immediate and highly beneficial task-namely increasing blood flow through the muscles involved in fighting which equals faster removal of toxins and therefore better performance. And here, in a cinematic nutshell, is the driving principle behind the widely practiced theory of sports massage. Sports massage has its roots in the school of tactile healing known as Swedish massage, which was developed by Dr. Per Henrik Ling during the 1820s. There are five main massage movements used in Swedish massage and which are all borrowed in the practice of sports massage: effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, friction, and vibration. Effleurage involves a stroking motion of the hands over muscle tissue, while petrissage is the motion associated with kneading. Used in conjunction these two motions promote circulation of blood through muscle tissue. Tapotement , as its name suggests, is a tapping or thumping motion of the hands across muscle tissue to warm up the tissue for deepe...

Procter&Gamble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Procter&Gamble - Essay Example ledge and learning, discipline and thoroughness are part of Procter and Gamble’s ideals of best practice.By implementing profit sharing, the company reinforces loyalty for the company, mutual respect and trust between management and workers. Among the principles and values are a deep commitment towards customers’ best interests, social service, employees’ welfare and business operations that are simple, direct and transparent. (Dyer et al, 2004: ix, 46, 305). Increasing intense competition from Unilever, Johnson and Johnson, Kimberly-Clark, L’Oreal and other companies is weakening the company’s position in the share market. Further, demand for consumer goods is impacted by the soundness of the United States economy and particularly by corporate profits. Also, investigators have uncovered the fact that animal testing is being done by the company in harsh conditions for its cosmetic and drug manufacturing units (Swasy, 1994: 196). Since consumers are aware of the ethics behind production and the need for corporate social responsibility, this may affect the marketability of its products. Acquisitions such as the recent one of Gillette prove to be mutually beneficial (Hannon, 2008: 46). Further, developing the different markets which are opening up opportunities for P & G to establish itself has to be done with priority product categories, and the organization to be developed to carry out the strategies have to be planned (Conklin, 2006: 189). Technological advances have made it possible to increase the rate of production several times, thus reducing overhead costs (Swasy, 1994: 97). With the aging population all over the world increasing in proportion, as compared to a decade earlier, the growing need for skin care and pharmaceutical products along with research development has opened up new opportunities in these spheres. Competitors have been devoting more research funds to cosmetics than to detergents or other products, with higher profit margins

Professional Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Professional Research Methods - Essay Example Other concerns about the applicability of quantitative methodologies to in-dept examination of complex social phenomena include taking the collected data out of the real-world setting, poor representativeness and generalisation of data, exclusion of discovery from the realm of scientific inquiry, etc. The institutional structure of business and management research has also reacted to the criticism of the positivist paradigm. Increasing numbers of qualitative studies published domestically and internationally have challenged the traditional view of qualitative research paradigm as the inferior to the more rigorous and reliable quantitative methodology. The aim of this paper is to identify the major research designs and techniques associated with each methodology and to provide explanation on the views about the nature of knowledge (epistemology) and the nature of reality (ontology) underlying these perspectives. There are various classifications of methods used in the area of professional research, but the most common classification splits the methods into two large groups, namely quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative methodology employs methods historically applied in the natural (physical) sciences. The primary task of quantitative research is to ensure validity and reliability of results (Dingwall et al, 1998). Examples of quantitative methods widely used in the social sciences and business and management research are survey methods, formal methods (e.g. econometrics), laboratory experiments and several numerical methods (e.g. mathematical modelling) (Myers, 1997). Quantitative research implies standardized questionnaires and methods of data analysis, specific position of the researcher whom is considered external to the research, replicability of the results regardless of the context, etc (Wainer and Braun, 1998). While reliability and validity are the most often cited strengths of the quantitative methodology, poor applicability of this methodology to exploration of a phenomenon, which is difficult or impossible to quantify, is considered a serious weakness. The main drawback that limits applicability of quantitative methods is the so-called 'decontextualization': models constructed on the basis of data obtained through quantitative methods do not take into account certain variables that act in the real world context (Patton, 1987). Qualitative methodology utilizes a naturalistic approach seeking to understand phenomena in a specific context, such as "real world setting [where] the researcher does not attempt to manipulate the phenomenon of interest" (Patton, 2002: 39). The broad definition of qualitative research is "any kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other means of quantification" (Strauss and Corbin, 1990: 17). Qualitative research reveals findings observed in the real world context where the phenomena being studied unfold naturally (Patton, 2002). The motivation underlying qualitative research is the researchers desire to understand the social and cultural phenomena within the real-world setting. Qualitative methods are designed to

Critical reflection on a previous assignment (will be uploaded later) Essay

Critical reflection on a previous assignment (will be uploaded later) - Essay Example The Study of Society and the Environment will not only give the students an interactive scope and experience but will also equip them with a sense of citizenship. The SOSE makes individuals capable of coping with the day to day challenges by providing them with decision making powers and broad exposures. This paper depicts critical reflection and analysis on the feedback of assignment no. 3 which was intended to explain the learning plans and intent of the SOSE. The future learning sequences are also proposed at the end in order to give a clear course of direction and brainstorming so that the clear direction can be laid out for the productive and optimal results (Dyer, 2005). Identification and Proposals of the Issues in the Previous Assignment The SOSE should be taken into the global perspective rather than be limited to just Australia and other localities, because the study of society and environment is a science of environmental and societal studies keeping in view the diverse fo rm of changing and volatile environments. As depicted in assignment number 3, the intent and course of the SOSE and are defined to be in some kind of a limited perspective and the reader perceives it to be restricted to the border of Australia. Similarly, the previous assignment

Explains some of the effects of stress and how police organization may Essay

Explains some of the effects of stress and how police organization may reduce stress for its officers - Essay Example His wife will agree that he has become egotistical, noisy, and short-tempered; he demands continuous attention as well as care. He acts like a small, self-centered kid. In majority of the cases, individuals regress in persistent anxiety. Secondly, stress numbs the compassion of individuals. Since they cannot tolerate seeing persistent human despair, they stop feeling because otherwise they will not be able to survive. The mind has this resistance method so people can carry on functioning during hideous circumstances. If they maintained their regular sympathy, they would collapse. As they become tactless towards their personal agony, they also become tactless to the agony of others. Police officers meet stressors in â€Å"call after call, which sap their strength† (Stevens, 2007). Debilitation from this every day stress adds up in making officials additionally susceptible to distressing happenings as well as common demands of life. The deteriorating procedure is usually very slow to notice; neither an individual nor his acquaintances are aware of the harm being done. If persistent stressors are known, then police representatives can take positive steps. Departments should discontinue making false differences amid job-linked and personal difficulties. The two are interlinked and go with one another. The outcome is a bunch of individuals facing the maximum stress within any profession in US. Police department cannot end stress in police occupation, however, they can identify it and assist officers in three phases: (1) offering assistance to individual officers, (2) offering help in family life, and (3) lessening the stress caused by the police department itself. Direct assistance to individual officers can be provided in a number of forms. Every big unit should have a psychologist for the police officers and ensure that indemnity policies have good terms for outpatient therapy

Relationship Between Celie And Shug The Color Purple Analysis

Relationship Between Celie And Shug The Color Purple Analysis Walker in writing this novel uses an epistolary style, which is a novel that is written as a series of documents which is usually in the form of letters or diary entries. This allows her main character to voice her personal feelings to the pain and isolation she suffers. The reader is taken through Celies journey from being an uneducated, submissive girl to a mature, independent woman. Walker also sets most of her novel in a rural farm community, focussing on the personal lives of her characters. The colour purple signifies royalty, beauty, power and independence, for the freedom of ones mind. This colour plays an important part in Celies life because the first dress she chooses is purple, the room she owns in a house is purple and when Shug explains the importance of freeing yourself from conventional male and white superiority to fully enjoy life she says I think it pisses God off if you walk by the color purple in a field somewhere and dont notice it. (Alice Walker, 2004, p.177) There are many themes emphasised throughout The Color Purple. These are important because they create the person Celie becomes before Shug helps her to evolve. It is set in the early twentieth century, around the 1930s, in a time when racism, oppression and sexism was at a peak. Racism was disregarded throughout the country and the laws in the South implemented segregation. Most black Americans remained alienated and were stereotypically looked down upon by members of white society. Women were also inferior to men, both black and white. Black women were then especially disadvantaged. The friction between black men and women is merely one of several themes; in The Color Purple the role of male domination in the frustration of black womens struggle for independence is clearly the focus. (Watkins, 2013) Of course not everyone showed a positive response to this novel, Such sisterly solidarity has drawn disapproval from some male critics. And Walker has been accused of reinforcing racial stereotypes in her depiction of male black characters as abusive and violent. (Bookdrum, 2013) Celie endured many difficulties reflective of this time and she suffered highly, but the novel shows us that Celie remained strong and defeated many obstacles to show the strength of a woman. Celie has suffered psychological damage through verbal abuse, physical abuse and sexual violence all her life. This caused Celie to view herself as worthless, powerless and internalize the animosity, believing her life was normal and the fear she felt for men was natural and part of life. She suffered this life with her father, who we later come to recognise is her step father, and also with Mr____. Early on in the book Celie is sexually abused by her father and bears two children to him, which he takes away from Celie. This is where we learn why Celie writes her letters to God. Her father tells her You better not never tell nobody but God (Walker. A., 2004, p.3) and she continues throughout the novel to talk to God writing as she speaks, in a colloquial manner for example naw and yall. Also writing words as she would pronounce them, for example direar and newmonya. This shows her uneducated manner, from which we learn Celies story. She also does not sign her letters which indicates her lack in showing her identity. Celie is treated as though she is property to men and as though she has no identity of her own as she is handed to Mr____ from her Pa. She is made to feel unattractive and unintelligent by her Pa. She ugly. But she aint no stranger to hard workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ You can do everything just like you want to and she aint gunna make you feed it or clothe it. (Walker. A., 2004, p.3) He also gives Celies cow away with her to improve the deal with Mr____. Celie therefore decides the only way she can survive is if she makes herself almost invisible. It is clear that Celie does not enjoy her life and she waits only for Heaven. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦This life be over soon. Heaven lasts always. (Walker. A., 2004, p.40) A theme set in this novel is the power of strong female relationships, which is likened to a sisterhood and helps Celie to discover who she truly is through the love and support she gains from women like Sophia, Nettie and Shug. These are women that would be Celies role model of black women. They defend themselves against men and do not allow men to choose their lifestyle for them. Sewing also symbolises the power women get from channelling their creative energy. When Sofia and Celie argue about the advice which Celie had given to Harpo, Sofia suggests they make a quilt as a way of armistice. Sewing a quilt symbolises the coming together and bonding of friends and family. When Celie first lays eyes on Shug Avery, it is through a photograph of her. She thinks she looks very glamorous and instantly begins to take a liking to her. When Celie is first introduced to Shug in person we get the feeling that Shug is a very cruel individual when she turns to Celie and says You sure is ugly. (Walker. A., 2004, p.44) Shugs critical manner of speaking and life experiences she has had, gives the impression that she is quite cynical. Shug is actually a warm and caring person. This becomes clear when she falls ill and Celie takes care of her. Shug clearly enjoys the care and attention she is getting and returns the same care to Celie, showing her compassionate nature. As Shug begins to discover the person that Mr___, whom Shug names Albert, becomes, she grows fonder of Celie. Miss Walker explores the estrangement of her men and women through a triangular love affair. It is Shug Avery who forces Albert to stop brutalizing Celie, and it is Shug with whom Celie first consummates a satisfying and reciprocally loving relationship. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Shug spoke right up for you, Celie. She say, Albert, you been mistreating somebody I love. So as far as you concern, Im gone. (Watkins, 2013) This clearly shows how much Celie means to Shug and proves her loyalty to Celie. Both Shug and Celie help each other find who they really are and bring out the best in each other, as they both felt confined in their roles because of peoples perception of them. Shug becomes Celies role model and helps Celie to find a new outlook on life. Celie begins to grow stronger and find who she truly is, how to love and what it means. Shug is regarded as a metaphorical missionary in Celies life, like the missionaries in the Olinka. It is Shug who makes Mr____ stop tormenting Celie and Shug also helps Celie to find the letters from her little sister, Nettie, which Mr____ had been hiding from her. Finding these letters gives Celie the strength she needs to break free from Mr____. Shug inspires Celie to create her own business, helping her to find a new passage in her life for her passion and creativity, giving her more personal and financial freedom. This song Im bout to sing is call Miss Celies song. (Walker. A., 2004, p.70) Celie feels important for the first time when Shug dedicates and sings a song to Celie at Harpos bar, giving her a sense of identity. First time somebody made something and name it after me. (Walker. A., 2004, p.70) As the two of them become closer they begin a lesbian relationship but it is more than just sex. Shug helps to give Celie a sense of identity making her feel sexually, physically and emotionally at ease. This also symbolises motherhood because Shug is the reason Celie gains a sense of importance in the novel. With Shugs guidance and love, it made growing into an independent individual possible for Celie. Shug later leaves Celie for a nineteen year old man called Germaine, her final fling. He is very significant in Shug and Celies relationship because Celie and Albert become closer while Shug is with Germaine. Albert realises for the first time that Celie is good company and Celie equally enjoys her friendship with Albert. Then the old devil put his arms around me and just stood there on the porch with me real quietà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦He aint Shug, but he begin to be somebody I can talk to. (Walker, A., 2004, p. 250) When Shug and Germaines relationship is over, Shug returns to Celie but Celies relationship with Albert makes Shug jealous. This is an emotion Celie felt when Shug and Albert were so close earlier in the novel. Shugs time away from Celie made her realise how much she loves Celie and brought them both closer together. In referring back to the question I have pointed out that Shug and Celies relationship is indeed very significant because it helps Celie grow from an uneducated, submissive, weak girl to an independent strong woman by the end of the novel. Celies and Shugs relationship was important to Celie because Shug made Celie feel important. It improved Celies confidence and allowed her to grow into the woman she became and helped Celie find her identity. Referencing List Alice Walker, 2004, Color Purple. Edition. Phoenix Paperbacks. Some Letters Went To God, Mel Watkins, NY Times.com, 2013. Available at http://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/25/books/some-letters-went-to-god-by-mel-watkins.html The Color Purple Review, Bookdrum, 2013. Available at http://www.bookdrum.com/books/the-color-purple/9780753818923/review.html